Bonke abameli beluhlu lwamachiza-macrolides - iziyobisi ezichasene ne-antibacterial. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali sisekelwe kwindandatho ye-lactone macrocyclic. Ngenxa yoko-igama leqela. Zisetyenziswa ukulawula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhaktheriya. Kwaye ndibulela ukuba le mali isebenza kakuhle, iyeza lizisebenzisa kakhulu.
Ziziphi iimeko apho izidakamizwa zeqela le-macrolide lilawulwa?
Inzuzo enkulu yezinto eziphambili ze-macrolides kukuba zisebenza ngokubhekiselele kwi-cocci eyingozi ye-Gram. Amayeza aleli qela angakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokulula ne-pneumococci, i-pyogenic streptococci, i-mycobacteria ye-atypical. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, bachitha:
- legionella;
- spirochaetes;
- chlamydia;
- anaerobes (phantse yonke into ngaphandle kwe-B. fragilis);
- Listeria;
- mycoplasma;
- ureaplasmas;
- I-Campylobacter kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinobungozi.
Ngokusekelwe kuloluhlu, izibonakaliso eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwezilungiso ze-macrolide zenziwe. Nika amayeza:
- tonsilofaringitis ye streptococcal;
- sinusitis ;
- pertussis;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwe-bronchitis engapheliyo;
- I-pneumonia efumana uluntu (kuquka i-atypical);
- i-diphtheria;
- periostitis;
- i-syphilis;
- chlamydia;
- i-mycobacteriosis;
- i-toxoplasmosis;
- i-lymphogranulomas engaphandle;
- i-acne;
- i-periodontitis.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-macrolides ayisetyenziselwa unyango kuphela, kodwa kunye nokukhusela. Ngoko, umzekelo, ikhosi yezidakamizwa ezikhusela i-antibacterial izakukunceda ukukhusela ukukhwehlela kulabo baqhagamshelana nabantu abanentsholongwane. Amayeza aleli qela anqunyelwe ukuhlaliswa kwezigulane ezithwala i-meningococcus. Kwaye banokuthintela kakuhle i-rheumatism okanye i-endocarditis.
Amagama eziyobisi-antibiotics iqela lama-macrolides
Ngokuxhomekeka kweendlela ezininzi zee-atom ze-carboni ezisendandeni ye-lactone, iziyobisi zihlukaniswe ngamaqela anama-14-, ama-15 okanye ama-16. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba la mayeza e-antibacteria ayawabulala ama-pathogens, nawo anokunceda ukuqinisa ukukhuselwa komzimba kwaye unokuphelisa ukuba kungenakuqhubela phambili ngokunyanisekileyo iinkqubo zokuvuvukala.
Izixhobo eziphambili ze-antibiotic ziquka ezi zi yobisi:
- I-Erythromycin kufuneka ithathwe ngaphambi kokutya. Ngaphandle koko, ukuhlaziywa kwayo kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo ukuba isicholisi esinamandla esinxamnye ne-antibacterial, kunye nesidingo esiluncedo sokusela sisavunyelwe nangona ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation.
- I-Spiramycin iyasebenza nakwii-bhakteria ezivumelanisa nama-macrolide angama-14 kunye nama-15. Ukugxininisa kwimizimba ephezulu kakhulu.
- Isidakamizwa se-macrolide, esibizwa ngokuthi iClaithithromycin , ilwa ne-Helicobacter kunye ne-mycobacteria yamathambo.
- Uphiko lwe- Roxithromycin luye lunyamezelwa zizigulane.
- I-Azithromycin inamandla kangangokuba kufuneka ithathwe kanye ngosuku.
- Ukuthandwa kukaJosamycin kuchazwa ngumsebenzi walo ngokuchasene neentlobo ezininzi ezinqandekayo ze-strepto-staphylococci.
Cishe zonke iichirodides eziluhlu lwezilwanyana zinokumiselwa i-bronchitis. Ukongeza kwezi zinto, ukulwa neebhaktheriya kunokusetyenziswa:
- Dynabac;
- Ilozon;
- Azidrop;
- Azivok;
- Zimbactur;
- Wilprafen;
- Binocular;
- Benzamycin;
- Azicid;
- IKlabaks;
- I-Azitral;
- I-esparoxy;
- Brilid;
- Rovamycin;
- Crixan;
- Macropean;
- IClacid;
- Rulicin;
- I-Sumamed ;
- Hemomycin;
- Zitnob;
- Kispar;
- Sumatrolide solute;
- Clerimedes;
- Elrox;
- Coater;
- Zitrocin;
- Eryfluid;
- Ecositrin;
- I-Fromromide;
- Arvitsin;
- AsitRus;
- Azimycin.