Ehlabathini lanamhlanje, kunzima kunye neengqondo, akukho ingxelo yokuphathwa kakubi kwabazali kunye nabanye abantu abanezingane, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kulolu hlobo, kuye kwangexesha elide kunokwenzeka nawuphi na ukukhululwa kweendaba. Abayikulibala ukuba bangcwalise imiphumo yokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana, njengokudakumba, ukutshaya, ukunyanyala okanye ukusela utywala, ubundlobongela okanye kuba lixhoba lobundlobongela, ukuba amantombazana akhulelwe ngokungenakulungeleka ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo, kwaye ukuziphatha kakubi kunye bantwana babo.
Izizathu zokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana
Ngokuqhelekileyo ubukhohlakali babazali bukhokelela ekubambiseni iimeko ezinzima: ukulahleka komsebenzi, ukukhulelwa okungenakulungiswa. Ngamanye amaxesha isizathu sokungazi ngokuyinhloko ngokuphuhliswa kwabantwana (kubonakala kubonakala kungenangqondo kumntwana, ulwalamano olunzima kunye nebhodi, njl.). Ukongezelela koko, umzekelo wobundlobongela basekhaya, ngokomthetho, udluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Iimpawu zokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana
Naliphi na isenzo esenza umonakalo kumntwana singathathwa njengento yokuhlambalaza. Ingaba yimizimba, imvakalelo okanye isondo, kwaye ifowuni yesine yokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana ayiyikuyibala.
- Umntwana ogxininiswa ngumzimba usoloko ephawula emzimbeni wokubetha, ukusika, ukuvuna, kunye namaxesha athile kunye nokulimala kwangaphakathi.
- Ukunyanzela umntwana ukuba acinge ukuba akafuneki okanye angaphantsi, amememeza, okanye ayenamdla ngokupheleleyo, abazali bayabangela ukuhlambalaza okungabonakali kwiso, kodwa akukho nengozi.
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kubangelwa ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo phakathi komntu omdala kunye nomntwana, ngenxa yokubonakalisa imifanekiso engamanyala.
- Kwimeko apho umntwana engenazo izinto eziyimfuneko zekhaya, unyanzeliswa unyango kunye nokukhuselwa, akayi esikolweni, ukungayithobeli umntwana.
Zonke ezi ntloba zonyango lwabantwana zihlawulwa ngumthetho, kwaye kungekhona nje ukuhlulwa kwamalungelo omzali. Abazali (kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuphathwa kakubi) batyunjwe ukulawula, uxanduva lomntu okanye lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana?
Khangela umntwana, mhlawumbi uza kubona iimpawu zokubetha, ukuhlushwa. Isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sibonakaliswa ngumbandela ongayihoywa ngumntwana, ngokukodwa, imeko yezempilo (i-dystrophy, pediculosis, ebonakalayo ekukhuleni ngokomzimba). Kuya kuba kuhle ukujongwa kwiimeko zezindlu: iimeko ezingenasimo zokugcina umntwana, ukungahoywa kwemigangatho yococeko, mhlawumbi umntwana, kwaye akukho ndawo yokulala ngokufanelekileyo-konke oku kubonisa ukhathazeka nokuphathwa kakubi kwabantwana kwintsapho.
Izibalo zokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana
Ngokwezibalo, ukubonakaliswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana kukunqongophala kokutya okanye ukusela (malunga nama-20-24%), 10-15% abazali bavala inzala yabo ebumnyameni, kwaye malunga ne-13% baxoshwa ngokupheleleyo emakhaya abo. Phantse i-25-50% yabantwana baxela ukuba bangaphantsi kobundlobongela (ngokulandelelanisa ngamazwe ngamazwe), kwaye abantwana abangaba ngu-30 abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-15 banamaxhoba okubulala. Izibalo zobundlobongela kwabantwana zibonisa ukuba umntwana udla ngokujoliswe ekuveleni kwemvakalelo emibi yabazali, umzekelo eRussia ngowama-2009, malunga nabantwana abayi-1.7 ababuleweyo, kunye nabazali abangamawaka angama-65 abanqatshelwe amalungelo omzali, e-Ukraine imeko ayiyona ingcono kakhulu: Iintsapho ezingama-80 zibhaliswe ngokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana.
Iziganeko zokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana zibuhlungu ngokwenene. Enye yeemeko ezivakalayo ngexesha lwakutshanje lenzeke ngoMatshi 2010. Inkundla yesithili yaseKrasnoyarsk ithole ityala kwaye igwetyelwe iminyaka eyi-15 kwi-coloni eqinile kwinkqubo uCherepanov A.Ch., Yabulala ngenkohlakalo intombazana eneminyaka elilodwa. Abazali beentombazana bashiya ishishini, bemshiya umntwana ugogo. Ngokuhlwa, ugogo kunye nomzukulu waya kummelwane (wayehlala nomntu ohlala naye, ngoku uhlanjululwe), emva kokusela unogogo waya ekhaya (ukulibala ngozukulu wakhe), kwaye umntwana wahlala embhedeni omnye kunye noCherepanov. Ngentsasa, intombazana eyethusa yaqala ukumemeza, eyayiyiphonsa phantsi kwaye emva kokumemeza ngokukrakra amantombazana ambalwa adala amanxeba abulalayo entloko ngekhanga kunye ne-ax.