Njengoko kuyaziwa, igazi legazi linamacandelo amabini aphezulu: i-plasma kunye nezinto ezibunjwa-i-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes, iiplatelets. Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwegazi jikelele kukuvumela ukuba ugwebe imeko yezempilo yomxholo wokwanda kweeseli zegazi kunye nezixhobo zawo, ukuxilonga ezininzi izifo eziqhelekileyo. Ngokukodwa, umqondiso malunga neengxaki emzimbeni unokusebenza njengomxholo okwandisiweyo weeplatelets egazini.
Umsebenzi wePlatelet kunye nomgangatho wabo egazini
Iiplatelet zincinci, iiselucityarized cells (iiplate zegazi), eziyi-fragments ze-cytoplasm zamaseli e-bone marrow-megakaryocytes. Ukubunjwa kwamaplatelets kwenzeka kwintolongo yethambo, emva koko bangena kwigazi.
La maseli egazi adlala indima ebalulekileyo - ukubonelela ngegazi (kunye namanye amaprotheni egazi legazi). Ngenxa yeeplatelets, xa iindonga zeempahla zonakaliswe, iimeko zokuqhawula zikhutshwe, ukuze isitya esonakalisiwe sivalelwe ngumbumba (clot). Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyayeka kwaye umzimba ukhuselwe ekulahlekelweni kwegazi.
Ngoku kutshanje, kuye kwaqulunqwa ukuba iiplatelet zithatha inxaxheba ekuhlaziyweni kwakhona kwezicubu ezichaphazelekayo, ukukhulula okubizwa ngokuba yizinto zokukhula ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwamaselula.
Iiplatesti zihlala kuphela iintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwi-10, zihlaziywa rhoqo. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokucwangcisa iiplatelet zamandulo kunye nokuveliswa kwemitsha yinkqubo eqhubekayo emzimbeni womntu onempilo. Umxholo oqhelekileyo weeplatelets kwithayitha yegazi elidala lihluka phakathi kwama-180 - 320 × 109 amaseli. Xa ibhalansi phakathi kokusekwa kweeseli ezintsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma kuyaphazamiseka, kuvela izifo.
Iiplatelets eziphakanyisiweyo kwigazi-ezibangela
Inani elinyukayo leeplatelet egazini lenza ukwanda kwe-thrombosis kunye nokuvala kwemithambo yegazi. Isi sifo se-pathological abizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytosis kwaye idibene ngeentlobo ezimbini-eziprayimari nezesekondari.
I-thrombocytosis yaseprayimari ihambelana nokusebenza kakubi kweeseli zomncuba weethambo, okubangele ukwanda okwenyukayo kwinani lamaplatele egazi egazini. Ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi kwegazi kunokubonisa ukuba iiplatelets ziphakanyiswa kuma-800 - 1200 × 109 iiseli / l kunye nokunye. Njengomthetho, i-thrombocytosis ephambili ibonwa ngengozi, ngenxa yokuba Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhubazeka akubonakali kubonakaliso lwekliniki. Kwimizekelo kwezinye iziganeko ezilandelayo zingabonwa:
- intloko;
- isisu;
- ukuphuma kwegazi (i-nasal, uterine, njl);
- ityanotic skin tone, njl
Amanqanaba ephakamileyo aseplatelet egazini kunye ne-thrombocytosis yesibini ingabangelwa zizinto zombini kunye nezifo. Njengomthetho, nge-thrombocytosis yesibini, inani lamaplatelet alikho ngaphezu kwe-1000 × 109 iiseli / ilitha.
Izizathu zomzimba zenyuka inani lamaplatelets egazini linokuba:
- ngokugqithiseleyo;
- ukwanda kwe-adrenaline egazini;
- khulelwa.
Iziganeko ezinokuthi zibangelwa izifo ezenza ukuba inani leplatelet linyuka kwigazi lisoloko lulandelayo lulandelayo:
- Izifo ezithintekayo nezivuzayo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, i-fungi, i-parasites (i-hepatitis, i-pneumonia, i-meningitis, i-thrush, i-encephalitis, njl.
- Ukuphuma kwangaphakathi.
- Amanyathelo angenelelo kunye nokulimala komzimba.
- I-Sarcoidosis iyisifo sokuvuvukala kwesistim apho ezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo (kakhulu zihlala kwimiphunga) zichaphazelekayo ngokubunjwa kwama-granules.
- Ukususwa kwetyeni-ilungu elithatha inxaxheba ekulahleni iiplatelet zamandulo, kwaye zigcina malunga ne-30% yeeplatelet zegazi.
- Umonakalo omkhulu wamathambo kwi-pancreatitis okanye i-necrosis yamathambo.
- Ukunqongophala kwetsimbi emzimbeni.
- Izifo ze-oncological.
- Ukwamukelwa kwamanye amayeza.