Ukufundwa ngenye yezakhiwo zeengqondo ezisisiseko zomntu, obonakaliswe ngembono enemeko yezinto ezizungezile kunye nezinto, kuxhomekeke kumava, imibono, iimfuno zomntu kwiziganeko ezithile.
Ingqiqo yokuvela ivela kwisiLatini, kwisigqibo sokuguqulela ngokoqobo, imbono yokuqonda. Eli gama laziswa nguGV Leibniz, ososayensi waseJamani. Wabonisa ukuba le nkqubo iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokwazi nokwazi oluphezulu. Yaye yajika ingqalelo yakhe kunye nenkumbulo kuyo. ULeibniz waqala ukwahlula iingcamango zokuqonda kunye nokubonakala. Ngendlela yokuqala isingeniso, esingazi kakuhle, isingeniso esicacileyo somxholo othile, kwaye phantsi kweyesibini - isigaba sokuqonda, esicacileyo, esicacileyo. Umzekelo wokuvelisa unokuba ngabantu ababini, i-botanist eyodwa, omnye umculi. Ookuqala, uhambahamba, uya kuqwalasela izityalo kwisimo sombono wesayensi, kwaye okwesibini - ngobuchule. Ingcamango yabo isekelwe kwiimpawu zabo ezizodwa, ukhetho kunye namava.
Inzululwazi waseMerika uBruner yavelisa ukuqala kwexesha loluntu. Akuqondwa nje kuphela ukujonga izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kunye neentlalo zoluntu, oko kukuthi, ngabanye, abantu, iintlanga, njl. Baqwalaselwe ingqalelo ukuba izifundo zezifundo ziyakwazi ukuchaphazela ukuhlolwa kwethu. Ukuqonda abantu, sinokuzithoba kwaye sithandabule ngokuchasene nokuqonda kwezinto nezinto ezibonakalayo.
Kwifilosofi kaKant, ingcamango entsha yobunye be-transcendental ye-apperception yaqaliswa. I-Kant yahlukanisa ifom ecacileyo neyicacileyo (yasekuqaleni). Umbono wobukhosi ungowesigxina kwaye usekelwe kumbono womntu ngokwakhe. Kodwa ukuqonda ngokwabo akukwazi ukwahlukana nokuqonda kwehlabathi elijikelezile, yile mgwebo inzululwazi ibonise phantsi kwengcamango yobunye bokuqala.
U-Alfred Adler wadala icebo, efaka kuyo indawo yokubona okubonakalayo, njengekhonkco kwindlela yokuphila eyenziwa ngumntu. Wabhala encwadini yakhe ukuba asiyiva iinyani zangempela, kodwa iimifanekiso ezithobelayo, oko kukuthi, ukuba kubonakala ngathi intambo ekhoneni elimnyama legumbi liyinyoka, ngoko siya kuyika njengenyoka. Iskimu sika-Adler sithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwingqondo yengqondo.
Izindlela zokufumanisa ukuqala kokuqala
Iindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokufunda ukujonga ubuntu iimvavanyo. Zingaba ziintlobo ezimbini:
- ukuvavanywa kokuqala kweempawu;
- ukuvavanya uvavanyo oluhambelanayo;
Kwimeko yokuqala, umntu unikezelwa ngamakhadi angama-24 kunye nemiqondiso, ichaza ukuba ezi ziqulatho zithathwa kwiingcali kunye neenganekwane, isihloko sifanele sichaze amakhadi kwisiseko esilungeleyo kuye. Kwisigaba sesibini sophando, kucetyiswa ukuba idatha yabalinganiswa abangama-24 kufuneka ixhaswe ngokwengqondo kunye neyodwa engekhoyo, kwimbono yesifundo. Emva koko, la makhadi afanayo kufuneka ahlukaniswe ngamaqela: "amandla", "
Olunye uhlobo lwesifundo-uvavanyo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, isethi yamatafula ezithombe ezimnyama kunye ezimhlophe. Bakhethwa ngokuqwalasela isondo kunye nobudala be sifundo. Umsebenzi wakhe kukuqulunqa amabali amabali esekelwe umfanekiso wesithombe ngasinye. Uvavanyo lusetyenziswa kwiziganeko ezifuna ukuxilongwa ngokungafani, kunye nokukhetha umviwa kwisithuba esibalulekileyo (abaqhubi beemoto, abadlali). Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kwimeko yengxamiseko yengqondo yengqondo, umzekelo, ngokudandatheka, kunye nesiphumo sokuzibulala.