I-Penicillin yenye yezona zinambuzane ezidumileyo kwiimbali zoluntu. Ngokwenzululwazi ye-London Science Museum, ukufunyanwa kwe-penicillin kwindawo yesibini kwindawo yokubeka kwizinto ezifunyanwe kuzo. Ukufunyanwa kwalo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okusemthethweni kwe-penicillin njengonyango kwaqalwa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.
I-Penicillin ngumkhiqizo wobomi besikhunta se-Penicillium mold. Impembelelo yayo yokunciphisa isondela kuwo onke ama-gram-positive kunye nezinye i-gram-negative bacteria (staphylococci, gonococci, spirochete, njl.).
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-penicillin
Ukunyamezeleka kakuhle kwe-penicillin kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kwisikhulu esikhulu sezifo:
- sepsis;
- greyrene;
- usulelo lwe-meningococcal ;
- izilonda ezinzulu zesikhumba ngenxa yokulimala;
- ubuso;
- iphoso lobuchopho;
- Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis);
- Ukutshisa okukhulu (3 no-4);
- cholecystitis;
- i-croupous kunye ne-focal pneumonia;
- furunculosis;
- ukuvutha komzimba;
- izifo zendlebe;
- izifo zendlela yokuphefumula.
Kwizonyango zabantwana, unyango nge penicillin lunokumiselwa nge:
- i-septicopyemia (uhlobo lwe-sepsis kunye nokwakhiwa kwamathambo ahlangeneyo kwizitho ezahlukeneyo);
- i-septicemia yommandla wezilwanyana ezinsana;
- i-otitis, i-pneumonia kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abaselula;
- i-pleurisy ne-meningitis.
Iifomu zokukhululwa kwe-penicillin
I-Penicillin ivelisa ngohlobo lwe powder, leyo leyo phambi kokuba ijoyiji ihlanjululwe ngesisombululo esisodwa. Iilenki zingenziwa nge-intramuscularly, ngaphantsi, nge-intravenously. Isisombululo se-penicillin sinokusetyenziswa njenge-inhalation kunye namaconsi (ngeendlebe kunye namehlo).
Ukulungiswa kweqela le-penicillin
Ngenxa yesiphumo saso kwiiseli zebhaktheriya (ukuxhatshazwa kweendlela zamakhemikhali eziyimfuneko kubomi kunye nokuveliswa kweeseli ezinobungozi), iziyobisi zepenicillin zichongiwe kwiqela elihlukileyo. Amalungiselelo eqela lemvelo le-penicillin zibandakanya:
- Procaine;
- Bicillin;
- Retarpen;
- Ospen;
- benzylpenicillin ityuwa yetyuwa;
- i-benzylpenicillin ityuwa ye potassium.
I-penicillin yemvelo iyabonakala kwimpembelelo enkulu kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iibhaktheriya zazingqinelana neepenicillins zendalo kunye noshishino lokuxuba imveliso lwaqala ukuhlakulela i-penisillistic penicillin:
- Ampicillin;
- Oxycellin;
- Ampiox.
Imiphumo emibi yezidakamizwa zezilwanyana ezixubileyo zichazwe ngakumbi:
- iziphazamiso zesondlo sesisu;
- dysbiosis;
- isikhumba sempembelelo;
- tshutshisa i-anaphylactic.
Okwangoku, isizukulwana sesine samalungiselelo aqukethe i-penicillin siphuhlisiwe.
Ukulungiswa kwe-penicillin, phantse zonke zichithelwa yi-acast acid kwaye zinganiki iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zokwelapha. Kodwa kukho iziyobisi eziqukethe i-penicillin, eziveliswe kumacwecwe. Ukubunjwa kwala mayeza kwongeze izinto ezinobungozi ezinciphisa umphumo weejusi zesisu. Ngokukodwa, ezi zi yobisi zisezixhobo ezihambelanayo:
- Amoxicillin kwiipilisi;
- Amoxyl - CMS;
- Ospamox;
- Flemoxin.
Njengomthetho, ukumkelwa kwamalungiselelo e-penicillin kwiipilisi kwenziwa ngaphandle kokutya kweentsuku ezingama-5-10.
Ezinye iindlela zokukhululwa kwezilwanyana zeepenicillin
Ezinye iimpawu ze-penicillin kwiipilisi zifumaneka kwifom ye-granules yokulungiselela ukumiswa okanye iifomsile:
- Ospen;
- Hiconcile;
- Ospamox;
- Amoxiclav ;
- Bactox.
Ifom elolo hlobo ifanelekile ukuba unyango lwezifo zabantwana. ziyakwazi ukuchithwa kwiijisi, ubisi, itiye kunye nezinye izixhobo zamanzi.