Indalo yokukhulelwa ngokuqhelekileyo iiveki ezingama-38 ukuya kuma-40, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba phantsi kwefuthe lezinto zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi umntwana uzalelwe kwangaphambili. Kwaye ukuba zonke iintsana zidinga uthando kunye nokunyamekela rhoqo, iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zifuna le nto ngokuphindwe kabini, kuba ngenxa yokubonakala kwangoko kwimizimba yazo kwiindawo ezininzi azikavuthwa ngobomi be-extrauterine. Iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa iintsana ezelwe kwiiveki ezingama-28-37. Ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu bomzimba, iinqununu eziliqela zokungcoliswa kwemvelo zihlukaniswe, abantwana abanesisindo somzimba we-1 ukuya ku-1.5 kg babhekwa ukuba bangaphantsi kwexesha, kwaye abangaphantsi kwe-1 kg bangaphumi kakhulu.
Imiqondiso yangaphandle yentsana engaphambi komntwana ilandelayo:
- ubunzima bomzimba 1-2,5 kg;
- ubude - 35-46 cm;
- ukwakha okungafaniyo:
imilenze emfutshane nentamo;
- Intloko inkulu;
- Intshukumo iyaphumelela kwi-groin.
- Ikhanda lijikeleze, iiplanga zekhayi kunye ne-fontanel zivuliwe;
- Iindlebe zithe tye kwaye zixininiswe ngokukhawuleza entloko;
- isikhumba esincinci;
- umzimba uhlanganiswe nefuzz yasekuqaleni;
- akukho manqatha aphantsi komnxeba;
- iiphonkwane zingaphuhliswa;
- Amakhwenkwe ayenamathambo, isithuba phakathi kwamantombazana sisigxina.
Akukho nanye kule miqondiso ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umntwana usenesikhathi esingaphelanga, kuphela ukuzaliswa kwabo bonke.
Impawu ezisetyenziswayo zentsana engekafiki:
- u buqhetseba;
- kulala;
- itysile yehla yehla;
- iziphumo zokutya ezingalunganga;
- iingxaki zokusasazeka;
- ukunyakaza kweengcambu zeengalo;
- ukucima;
- ukuthuthumela kwezandla.
Ukusebenzisa iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha
Ukunyamekela kwintsana engaphambi kwexesha kuqhutyelwa ngamanyathelo amabini: kwikhaya lokubeleka kunye neSebe elikhethekileyo, emva koko umntwana adluliselwa phantsi kolawulo lwepolyclinic.
Kulo lonke ihlabathi, unonophelo olusondeleyo lweintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha lusetyenziswe, apho zidala izimo ezinokubhokoxa, ubuncinci bokuxhaphazwa kunye nokucinezeleka. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, umntwana osengumntwana ufakwa kwi-diapers efudumele eyinyumba ukukhusela i-hypothermia. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ezi ntwana zibanjwe kwi-khivezah ekhethekileyo kunye nezimo ezikhethiweyo ezifanelekileyo - ubushushu, umswakama kunye nomxholo we-oxygen. Ngabo kuphela abantwana abasanda kuzalwa baxoshwa kwikhaya lokubeleka, ubunzima bomzimba obuzalwayo buba ngaphezu kwe-2 kg, ngelixa abanye bathunyelwa kumaziko akhethekileyo apho isigaba sesibili soongikazi senzeke khona.
Ukuphuhliswa kweintsana ezisanda kuzalwa
Ukuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa engenazo iintsholongwane zomntwana, ukuphuhliswa kwayo kuqhubeka ngezinga elikhawulezayo. Iintsana ezinokuqala zithatha isisindo ngokukhawuleza, njengokungathi zizama ukubambisana neontanga zabo: ngeenyanga ezintathu ubunzima besinye nesiqingatha ukuya kweekhilogram ezimbini zentsana ephindwe kabini, kwaye ngomnyaka kwandisa amaxesha angama-4-6. Umntwana oneminyaka eli-1 ubudala ubudala ukhula ukuya kuma-70-77 cm.
Iinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zobomi umntwana osandul 'ukukhulelwa ushukunyana, ukhawuleza ukhathala kwaye achitha ixesha elide ephupheni. Ukususela kwiinyanga ezimbini, umsebenzi womntwana uba mkhulu, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa kweengalo nemilenze kwanda. Umntwana ufuna iimvavanyo ezizodwa zokuphucula iminwe yakhe.
Inkqubo yesantya yentsana engaphambi komntwana ingaphantsi, ebonakaliswa ekuziphatheni kwayo - ixesha lokulala ixesha elide lithatyathwa yintsizi ngaphandle kwesizathu, inkunzi yenkwenkwezi iyothuswa izandi ezibukhali, utshintsho kwimeko. Naluphi na olutsha, abantu abatsha kunye noshintsho lwemozulu lunikezelwa kwiintsana zangaphambi kwexesha.
Ngenxa yokungagcini kwenkqubo yokugaya inyama, iintsana zokuqala zingenakuxilongwa, ngakho ke zihlala zigula kwaye zigula. Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yabantwana abasengaphambi kwentsana mhlawumbi igugile emva kokuthelekiswa neontanga ezipheleleyo. Ukunciphisa le ngqungquthela, abazali kufuneka baqinisekise ukunyamekela, rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, zama ukuthatha umntwana ezandleni zakhe, uthethe naye, anike uthando lwakhe kunye nokufudumala, kuba ukudibene naye kubalulekile kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa.