Kubonakala ngathi enye inyanga yinkqubo emfutshane kakhulu, kodwa inkwenkwe yinkomfa yobomi bonke, ephawulwe ngamanani atshintsho obalulekileyo, ukufumana izakhono ezintsha. Xa umntwana uneminyaka engama-1 ubudala, abazali kufuneka benze yonke imizamo kungekhona nje ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa nokuphuhlisa amandla akhe engqondo kunye nengqondo.
Inyanga e-1 ngomlinganiselo womntwana nokuphakama
Enye yezinto eziphambili ezixhalabisa phantse bonke oomama abancinci banxulumene nenani leintsana kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi. Ukuba ngeveki yokuqala ininzi yabantwana abasweleko (malunga ne-10%), okubangelwa kubukho bobonelelo olongezelelweyo emzimbeni xa lufika ekukhanyeni, kwaye kwixesha elizayo liqala ukubeka ubunzima bomzimba. Kwiiveki eziyi-3-4 zobomi phantsi kweemeko zokunyamekela okwaneleyo, ukondla nokungabikho kwamathambo, ubunzima bunyuke ngokukhawuleza kwaye buzinzileyo - imihla ngemihla nge-15-30 g.
Ingakanani ubunzima bomntwana kwiinyanga ezili-1 kuxhomekeke kwisisindo sakhe sokuqala ekuzalweni, okwandisa ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30 malunga nama-600-1000 g, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kunye neentsana ezisondezayo ngokukhawuleza zithatha ubunzima. Ngokweziko ze-World Health Organisation, ubunzima bomyinge bomntwana kwinyanga e-1 ngu:
- amantombazana - 4,2 kg;
- abafana - 4,5 kg.
Ngokubhekiselele ekukhuleni kweentsana ezinyangeni enye, le pharamitha iyanda ngamaqela angama-3-4,5, kwaye imimiselo engqinelanayo ithathwa njengeyiyo:
- amantombazana - 53.7 cm;
- amakhwenkwe - 54.7 cm.
Ukuphuhliswa kweenyanga ezili-1
Inkqubo yeentlanzi yeemvumba isesekuqaleni kwinqanaba lokubunjwa, kodwa sele esazi kakhulu, kwaye ukuphuhliswa komntwana kwinyanga e-1 kuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abazali baqonde ukuba iintsana ezinyangeni enye zibandakanyekileyo kuzo zonke izinto ezenzekayo kwaye zixhalabele kwiimeko ezisemgangathweni ezilawula kuzo. Yingakho ukuba kukho ukuthula, umama onoyolo kunye nobaba kufuphi, umntwana uziva ekhululekile, kwaye xa umntu ecasulwa kwaye ecaphukile, umntwana uyakhathazeka, akhala.
Yintoni enokuyenza umntwana ngenyanga 1?
Ukuze i-crumb ivumelane nehlabathi elijikelezileyo kwaye ilungiselele ukunyakaza, i-nature yamnika i-reflexes ebalulekileyo. Ngomntwana ophilileyo, kubonakala ngokucacileyo, kwaye ukuba ngaba ufuna, abazali bangabajonga (ngelixa umntwana engazange alambe, ediniwe, emanzi). Makhe sicinge ngeengcamango ezisisiseko ezivela kumntwana kwinyanga e-1:
- Sucker - ukuba umntwana usangena emlonyeni wento (ingono, ingono), uqala ukwenza ukunyakaza kwesantya.
- Ukukhangela - ngokuthinteka ngokuthe ngqo kwisitramu kunye neengxenyana zomlomo weemvuthu, udonsa isiponsi esezantsi aze aqale ukubheka isifuba somama.
- Umkhuseli ophezulu - ukuba umntwana usalwe ngesisu, ujika ngokukhawuleza kwentloko.
- Ukubamba - umntwana usulela isandla sakhe engxenyeni kwaye ubambelele ngomnwe, efakwe entendeni yesandla sakhe.
- I-Reflex yokukhahlela - xa uthabatha intsontsho yentsana ngesandla sakho kwisimo kwisisu, uya kuzama ukunyuka, njengokungathi uzama ukuzama.
- I-Reflex "ye-othomathikhi" - xa ephethe iimvuthu ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye esondela kwiinyawo zakhe kwinkxaso eqinile, uya kwenza ukuhamba kunye nemilenze efana nokuhamba.
Ukufunda ukuziphatha kwintsana enyangeni yokuqala yobomi, umntu unokufunda ngokulula ukuqonda iimfuno neemfuno zakhe. Ukulila kuseyona ndlela yodwa yokuthetha nabantu abadala, kodwa umama osondeleyo unokuphawula ukuba akusoloko efana, kodwa unamazwi ahlukeneyo, ivolumu njalonjalo. Ngoko, ukuba inkunzi ingaboni na umntu osondeleyo, kodwa idinga ukunxibelelana, iyaxhalaka, ukukhala kwayo kubonakala yinto ezwakalayo imizuzwana embalwa kunye nekhefu elincane. Ukulila ngokulambile ngokukhawuleza kukubuyisela ukukhala okukhulu, kwaye ukukhala ngenxa yobuhlungu bubuhlungu, kungaphazamiseki, kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwexesha lokumemeza.
Ziziphi iincwadana ezininzi esaziyo kweli xesha:
- Gcina intloko yakho kwisisindo imizuzwana embalwa ngelixa uguqulela kwisisu;
- isabela kwizandi ezizungezile (ukukhenkceza okanye ukuvutha izandi ezibukhali, ukuphulaphula ukubetha kwentsimbi, ijika ikhanda layo kwizandi);
- qaphela ilizwi likamama;
- ngexesha lokutya, ukugxila ebusweni bomama, ukujonga izinto ezingenasiphako kunye nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kumgama wama-20-30 cm;
- ukwahlula imibala ecacileyo ye-monochrome;
- ukumncuma, ngokubona ubuso obuqhelekileyo;
- uzame ukuphinda ubonakalisa ubuso bakhe "umhlobo";
- ithi "ukugquma", izandi kunye nezandi zomzimba, "phendula" kwisibheno kuye.
Ngethuba lokuvuka, i-crumb yenza ukunyakaza okungahambelaniyo kunye nemigudu nemilenze, enxulumene ne-hypertonia yomzimba yeentlungu zakhe, ngokuphindaphinda zinyamalale ngenyanga yesine yobomi. Isikhundla sokuthanda kwiphupha "i-frog ihlala" - elele emhlane wakhe, izibambo ezibophekileyo ziphakanyisiwe, imilenze ekhwebukileyo isasazeka. Xa umntwana elele esiswini, amadolo akhe athatyathwa esifubeni, izibambo zibophekile.
Amathoyizi kubantwana kwinyanga e-1
Xa umntwana eguqula inyanga eli-1 ubudala, ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono akhe engqondo kunye nezakhono zezithuthi kuya kuphuculwa ngokutsha ngamathoyizi. Kufuneka kubekho izinto ezikhuselekileyo nezinceda, ukuphuhlisa ukuvakalelwa, ukubonwa kunye nokujonga okuphicothiweyo:
- i-carousel engumatshini, eqhotyoshelwe kwisibhedlele, ngomculo othobekileyo kunye nenani elincinci leemidlalo ezahlukileyo zemifanekiso;
- izigubhu ezinokuthi zigcinwe kwisiphathi;
- i-soft-bracelets kwi-stem okanye ephethe;
- amathoyi, afakwe kwi-band elastic (umbala kunye nomnyama nomhlophe).
Kwizandla zeintsana, ungafaka amathoyizi amancinci, iintambo kunye namaqhina, iidibhoni. Ukudweba kwiimpawu zekhadibhodi ezimnyama kunye ezimhlophe ze-geometric, ubuso obomomothekayo okanye obubuhlungu, kunceda ukumnika imifanekiso enjalo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile kule minyaka ukuthetha izitenxo, iziqulatho , iingqungquthela zengqungquthela, iingoma ezifutshane, ukucula iingoma. Kufuneka ukuba uwathabathe ezandleni zakho, ukuthetha, ukubeka izimvo kwizenzo zakho, ukubiza izinto ngeenxa zonke.
Ukutya kwabantwana ngenyanga 1
Ukondla umntwana onyangeni yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ayimfuneko nje kuphela ukuzaliswa kwayo, kodwa kunye nokuthintana okuthe ngqo nomama, okwenzela umntwana ukhuseleko lwengqondo kwengqondo. Ngaphandle kokungathandabuzeki, eyona nto iluncedo kukuncelisa umntwana oneminyaka enyangeni, apho umzimba ufumana ubuninzi bezinto ezixabisekileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza zonke izitho zengqondo ezenzekayo.
Ukuncelisa ngesondlo kwinyanga e-1
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umntwana eneminyaka eyi-1 ubudala, ukukhwabanisa kumama sele kusungulwe, kwaye ukondla kwenzeka ngokokusetyenzwa kwenkqubo okanye kwisicelo sokuqala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukutya kwesikhokelo sokuhlwa ebusuku, okuqinisekisa ukuba i-lactation eqhubekayo kunye nemveliso yezona zinto zixabisekileyo ngobisi, ziveliswa kuphela ebusuku. Ingakanani umntwana ekufuneka ayidle kwinyanga e-1 kunye nokutya kwendalo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakhe, kwaye ootitshala bezingane bacebisa ukuba bavumela iintsana ukuba zilawule ubude besicelo kwibele.
Ukutya okufakwayo kwinyanga e-1
Ukutya umntwana oneminyaka enesibini kunye nomxube usetyenziswa xa umama engenzi ubisi okanye ngesizathu esithile umntwana akanako okanye akafuni ukusela ubisi. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwafuneka uyeke ukuncelisa kunye nokuya kwinto yokufakelwa, umbuzo wokukhetha umxube ofanelekileyo kufuneka uxoxwe nodokotela. Kucetyiswa xa ukondla umxube ube nemvuthu kunye nokutya okwenyama, ngaphandle kokumthintela ukuxhumana naye. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inani lomxube kufuneka lenziwe. Xa umntwana uneminyaka engama-1 ubudala, umgangatho wesondlo wokutya udala isihlanu sesisindo sakhe.
Ukutya okuxubileyo ngenyanga 1
Olu hlobo lwesondlo lwenziwa xa kuncitshiswa i-lactation, ukungabikho kwezondlo kubisi ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezempilo zomama, ukuba kuyadingeka ukulawula i-mixinal mixes for the baby. Kule nto kubalulekile ukuba umntwana udla kangakanani kwinyanga e-1, apho isisindo senziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokutya. Ukungabi nobisi kuncediswa ngendawo yokufaka indawo, enqwenelekayo ukunikela kwi-spoon, isirinji ngaphandle kwenaliti, ipipette.
Urhulumente wabantwana ngenyanga 1
Inyanga yokuqala yobomi besana, njengamanye amaninzi alandelayo, aqhutyelwa kwiphupha, kodwa umntu unokuqala ukuyiqhelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-biorhythm yemvelo. Ukwenza oku, kucetyiswa ukuba udlale kwaye uxoxe naye emini, kwaye ungaphenduli ebusuku. Ekupheleni kwinyanga e-1, i-crumb iya kuqhubeka ihlale iphapheme, kwaye ebusuku ilala ngokuqinile.
Ingakanani umntwana alele kwiinyanga ezili-1?
Ukulala kwinyanga e-1 kungenasiphelo kwaye ngokuyininzi kubandakanya isigaba sokulala okungezeleleko, ukuze iintsana zivuke ngokukhawuleza njengoko zilele. Umyinge wemihla yokulala ubingama-18 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-20, ngelixa ixesha lokuvuka lihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-30-60. Emini, i-crumb ilala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngama-5-8. Umama uphakanyiswa amaxesha angama-2 ngosuku ukuze alele kunye nosana ukuze abuyisele amandla abo.
Ukuhamba ngenyanga 1
Urhulumente womhla wosana olutsha olusenyangeni yokuqala yobomi kufuneka ukuba luquka ukuhamba emoyeni omtsha. Kwimozulu elungileyo, kokubili kwimvula efudumele nebandayo, kufuneka uhambe ezimbini okanye kathathu ngosuku. Ixesha elincinci emoyeni elifunekayo ukuze lukhuni lweemvuthu, ukuxiliswa komzimba wakhe nge-oksijini, ukuveliswa kwee vitamin D - 1,5 iiyure ngosuku. Ukusebenzisa umqhubi wokuhamba, ngexesha lokuvusa umntu maxa wambi kufuneka afake umntwana ezandleni zakhe, amvumele ukuba abukele yonke into ejikelezile.