Ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yangaphambili yemfundo ephakamileyo yeminyaka emihlanu kusekhohlisa abantu abaninzi. Fumana impendulo kumbuzo - i-bachelor's and degrees-master degrees-ukuba yintoni, kufuneka ngamnye umfundi wexesha elizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngaba okokuqala kukuqeqesha okanye akunjalo.
Inqanaba le-master kunye ne-bachelor degree degree lithetha ntoni?
Eminye yale mibandela iyahlanganiswa yinyaniso yokuba bathetha ukuqonda isicwangciso esithile semfundo yelizwe. Isinyathelo sokuqala kwisikimu esitsha saqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1997, xa izilungiso zamukelwa kwi-Convention Convention yase-Bologna, ukuzisa inkqubo yesibini yemfundo. Bavela eUnited States, apho babethwala khona amagama e-undergraduate education and education. Kuloo mzekelo waseMerika unokukuxelela malunga neenzuzo zemfundo:
- Inika ilungelo lokutshintsha ulwazi oluthe xa lugqithisile.
- Ukuqonda ukuba ngubani onjalo umqeqeshi, umqeshi onokumkhetha uyomkhetha kumntu onobuchule, kuba kulula ukuqeqesha ukususela ekuqaleni.
- Abafundi, ukufundiswa, ukuhlala kwihostele kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso zandiswa iminyaka emininzi.
Ngubani oyiNtloko?
INkosi yinqanaba lesibini lemfundo ephakamileyo, kufumaneka kunoma ubani owedlula kuqala. I-degree master academic is acquired emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo epheleleyo yokufunda. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lwesiganga kukuba akubona kuphela izigulana ezinokufaka isicelo semfundo yokukhulula, kodwa nabafundi abaphumelele kwiyunivesiti ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo ye-Bologna ifakwe. I-Master inokudalulwa ngokugcwele kwezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Umntu ogqityiweyo isigaba sesibini semfundo unelungelo lokuhlala kwiindawo eziphambili zefom yenkonzo yoluntu.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqeshwa akufanele bacinge ukuba iphakamileyo yinqanaba lenkosi okanye i-bachelor degree, i-legislators ukwahlula zonke izakhono ezifanelekileyo kwii-degree ezifunekayo okanye zombini zifuneka ngexesha elinye.
- Ikhosi yezifundo zikhethwe ngendlela enokuthi umfundi uzaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi yesayensi kunye nemisebenzi.
Ngubani onobhala?
Isiganga se-Bachelor sifumaneka kubafundi besikolo nakubantu abafumana imfundo yezemfundo yesibini. Ngokuchasene nokubandlulula, akusizi nto ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamagistracy. I-degree-bachelor degree is considered imfundo ephakamileyo: ekugqibeleni umfundi ubhala umsebenzi wokugqibela wemfundo aze adlulise iimviwo zeemviwo. Unemigangatho emininzi umntu omele azi ngayo malunga:
- Iquka isethi esisiseko yezifundo eziza kuhlulwa zibe yimantshi kumasebe (umzekelo, i-jurisprudence ivumela i-civil, yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolwazi-siseko).
- Iqondo linika ithuba kwixesha elizayo ukubhala nokukhusela isisensi yesayensi.
- Ukuhlonipha phantsi kweprogram ye-Bologna akuxhomekeke kwigama eliphakamileyo leziko apho umfundi efunda khona: lilingana nediploma eqinisekisiwe ngesiganga.
Izifundo ze-Bachelor's and Master-iinkonzo kunye neengxaki
Naluphina umgangatho unobungozi bawo kunye neenzuzo. Impendulo yodwa ye-bachelor degree iseminye imigangatho yokuqesha. Bayakwazi ukuguqula izikali xa bephendula umbuzo malunga noko kukungcono kwi-bachelor's degree okanye master degree, kwindlela eyahlukileyo. Umvuzo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-diploma, ngoko ke i-degree ye-bachelor ngaphandle kwe-master degree igqityise ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi kumsebenzi onobuhlakani nabanelisekile. Kwizakhono ezingafuneki ukuphumeza kweziphakamileyo zesigaba sesibini semfundo, abo bafuna ukuzinikela ekuphandleni nasekufundiseni baye kumantyi.
I-Master's and Bachelor's Degree - bahluke njani?
Amanqanaba amabini emfundo, nangona xa bethatha amalungelo alinganayo xa kufaka isicelo somsebenzi, ayifani nangoko. Umehluko phakathi kwegraduate kunye ne-degree ye-master yiyo:
- Umfaki sicelo angafaka isicelo se-bachelor degree kunye nesatifikethi semfundo yesikolo esigcwele, kwaye i-degree ye-master iya kuthathwa kuphela emva kokudlula i-degree-bachelor degree.
- Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufunda kwi-bachelor's degree liyiminyaka engama-4, kwaye i-degree ye master ithatha iminyaka emi-2.
- Ukwazi impendulo yombuzo, i-bachelor's and degrees degrees-oko kukuthi, kulula ukuqiqa ukuba kwisigaba sokuqala ungakwazi ukufumana eyodwa ingcali, kwaye ngolwesibini ungayitshintsha kwenye ukuba ufuna.
- Umfundi kuphela onesiqinisekiso se-master degree angena esikolweni.
Kutheni ufuna i-degree degree emva kwesidanga se-bachelor?
Phakathi kwabafundi abanokungathembeki, ukungathandabuzeki kusasazeka malunga nokuba inkqubo ye-Master iyadingeka emva kwesiganga se-bachelor's degree. Isidingo saso asisoloko sivela, kodwa kuphela kwimeko apho umfundi alindele ukufumana kumantyi:
- isixa esikhulu solwazi olungenakufakwa kwiprogram eyintloko;
- Ukukhula konyango ngokukhawuleza kwiqumrhu elinomncintiswano ophezulu;
- ubunzima kwizenzululwazi zeli lizwe, iimpapasho kwiifayili zeprofayili;
- Isigaba sesigxina endleleni yokugqiba isikolo nokusebenza njengomfundisi.
Ngaba kuyafaneleka ukuba ufunde kwi-magistracy emva kwesidanga se-bachelor?
Kuya kuba ukungathembeki ukusho ukuba idigri ye-master ifana nemfundo ephakamileyo ephakamileyo. Akunabo bonke abasebenzi abafuna umntu oneminyaka engama-7 ubudala ukuba afunde eyunivesiti kunye neendleko zexesha kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Wonke umntu kufuneka azigqibo ngokuzimela ukuba uya kumantyi emva kwesiganga se-bachelor, ethembele kwiibhonasi ekufumaneni:
- ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuqaphela idiploma;
- ukulingana kwinqanaba le-master of foreign science qualification PhD;
- amava okusebenza kunye nootitshala bangaphandle, ukuqhuba uphando nophuhliso lomsebenzi wabaviwa.
Indlela yokukhetha idigri ye-master emva kwesidanga se-bachelor?
Ukwenza ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokuqeqesha kwisigaba sesibini semfundo ephakamileyo, kufuneka uchaze ngokucacileyo iinjongo . Isiqinisekiso se-Master emva kwesidanga se-bachelor kwenye i-specialty kuvulela amathuba okufumana ithuba eliphindwe kabini ekufumaneni umsebenzi. Ilungelo lokuqinisekisa isiqinisekiso sezemfundo unamaziko aphakamileyo aphezulu anamava awaziwayo kunye negama elikhulu. Xa ukhetha udidi lwe-degree degree, izinto ezinjenge:
- unxibelelwano lweziko lemfundo kunye namaziko emfundo angaphandle nakwiinkampani;
- imfuneko yecandelo kwi-market yemisebenzi;
- ukulungela umqeshi onokuthi ahambe ngenxa yokunikezelwa kweseshoni.
Ingaba idilesi ye-Master ihlawulwe emva kwesiganga se-bachelor ngumqeshi?
Iziqinisekiso kunye nokuhlawulelwa kwabasebenzi abadibanisa uqeqesho kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa imiselwe ngokomthetho wezabasebenzi welizwe. Ukufumana impendulo kumbuzo wokuba umantyi uyahlawulwa emva kokuba i-bachelor degree iyakhula ngokubhekiselele kwenye yeemeko:
- Isiganga se-Master kwezinye iindawo ezizodwa (njengomthetho, mncinci-isayensi) ulingana kunye neemfuno ezizodwa. Abaqeshi babafundi abakwiimeko ezi zixhaswa nguRhulumente ekuhlawuleleni imivuzo.
- I-degree ye-master yaba yinto yokuqala yomsebenzi, ngoko ke amagunya anelungelo lokumshiya, kodwa akayi kuhlawula.
- Ukuba uphuhliso lomsebenzi weengcali oye waphumelela kwisigaba sokuqala semfundo kuxhomekeke kwimpendulo yombuzo othi "Ngaba i-degree-Bachelor degree degree is required?" Umqeshi akakwazi ukumbulala. Inkampani inyanzelekile ukuba ihlawule nayiphi na iholide enxulumene nezifundo zokulungiselela, iintetho okanye ukupasa iimviwo.