Intliziyo yesisu iqala ukuhla evekini yesihlanu yokukhulelwa, kwaye ngeveki le-9 lilungu elizimeleyo, kunye ne-ventricles ezimbini kunye ne-atria ezimbini. Ngokwemvelo yesimo senhliziyo, ukufaneleka komntwana kugwetywa kwiinqanaba zokuqala zophuhliso, kwaye kwisiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa kwentlawulo yenhliziyo (HR) ibonisa imeko yomntwana.
Inqanaba lentliziyo ye-Fetal liqhelekileyo
Kwi-trimester yokuqala, ukuphindaphindika kweentliziyo zomzimba ebusweni kuya kutshintsha rhoqo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa ilungu elibalulekileyo lenziwa kuphela, kwaye inxalenye yesimiso seentlungu esinoxanduva lomsebenzi wayo asikavelwanga. Ngaloo ndlela, kwiiveki ezi-6-8, intliziyo yokubetha intliziyo yomntwana i-110-130 ibhokhwe ngomzuzu, kwiiveki ezingama-9 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-9 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-170 ukuya kweyure. Ukususela kwiveki ye-11 yokukhulelwa kuze kube sekuzalweni, intliziyo eqhelekileyo yomntwana isifo se-140-160 ngomzuzu.
Ukungaphumeleli kwimisebenzi yentliziyo
Ngelishwa, iimeko ezinobungozi emsebenzini weentliziyo ezincinci zinokuvela kwiindawo zokuqala zokukhulelwa: ukuba intliziyo ingabhalwa kwi-embrade ubude be-8 mm, oku kungabonakalisa ukukhulelwa okuqhubekayo. Umfazi uphakanyiswa ukuba afunde uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-ultrasound ngeveki, emva koko afunyanwe.
Ukunciphisa kwizinga eliqhelekileyo lentliziyo (ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo ukuya kuma-beats angama-200 ngomzuzu okanye ukuncipha ukuya kuma-85-100 beats ngomzuzu) kwiimeko ezininzi zibonisa ukungonwaba komntwana. I- palpitation ekhawulezayo ye-fetus (tachycardia) ingabonwa kula maxesha alandelayo:
- I-hypoxia yobusana bezinga elimnene (ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo ude egumbini elincinci);
- umsebenzi womzimba womntwana okanye umama;
- ukwanda kwetoni yesisu;
- ukuxhatshazwa komoya komama ozayo.
Intliziyo ebuthathaka nebuthathaka yomntwana (bradycardia) ithetha ngoku:
- i-hypoxia eyingozi ye-intrauterine;
- ubukho bokungapheli komntwana;
- ukunqongophala kwamanzi okanye i-polyhydramnios;
- intetho ye-pelvic ye-fetus.
Intliziyo ye-fethyth of fetus ibonisa ubukho bentsholongwane yesifo senhliziyo okanye i-hypoxia ye-intrauterine yengane.
Inqanaba lentliziyo yesisu lizimisele njani?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokumisela nokuvavanya umsebenzi womzimba we-fetus: ukuhlaselwa (ukuphulaphula intliziyo yesisu ngokuncedisa i-stethoscope ye-midwifery), i-ultrasound, i-cardiotocography (CTG) kunye ne-echocardiography (ECG).
Kwimigangatho yokuqala yokukhulelwa, umbuzo othi "Yiyiphi intliziyo ebantwini?" Uya kunceda i-ultrasound: usebenzisa i-sensor yangaphakathi, iinqhezu zengqondo zingabonwa kwangaphambili kwiiveki ezi-5-6. Ukuqheleka (i-transabdominal) i-ultrasound irejistara yomsebenzi wenhliziyo ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-6-7. Qinisekisa intliziyo yentliziyo kwiiveki ezahlukahlukeneyo zokukhulelwa kwi-ultrasound nakwiinkalo ezintathu zokuhlola. Kwimihla ngemihla inzululwazi-i-gynecologists isebenzisa i-stethoscope, iphulaphule ngoncedo lwayo intliziyo ngodonga lwesisu. Ukuxhaswa kwamathoni enhliziyo kunokwenzeka kwiiveki ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha - ukususela ngeveki ye-18.
Kwiiveki ezingama-32, ireyiti yenhliziyo yesisu yahlolwa nge-CTG. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba urekhode umsebenzi wentliziyo ye-fetal, ukuchithwa kwesibeleko kunye nomsebenzi wemoto yomntwana. I-CTG rhoqo inyanzelekile ukuba umama ozayo uza kuba nesimo esibi se-gestosis, izifo ezingasigxina okanye ezithathelwanayo, kunye nokuba ukungaqhelekanga kweplantshi kuboniswa, i-fetp hypotrophy, amanzi aphantsi okanye i-polyhydramnios. Ngethuba lokubeletha, i-CTG yenziwa kwimeko yokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokukhawuleza okanye ukulibaziseka, ngenxa yobuthathaka bokusebenza okanye i-rhodostimulation.
I-ECG ye-Fetal iqhutyelwa kwiiveki ezingama-18-28 kwaye kuphela kwezi zilandelayo:
- uneminyaka engama-38;
- ukuzalwa okukhoyo kwabantwana abanesifo senhliziyo esiswini;
- Ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo ebomini kumama ozayo;
- i-fetp hypotrophy;
- ukufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga emsebenzini weentliziyo, ezinye izifo kunye nemvelo engaqhelekanga kwi-ultrasound of the fetus;
- isifo sikashukela esikhatywayo kwabasetyhini;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kule sifundo, kuphela intliziyo yesisu ehlolwayo, umsebenzi wayo uvavanywa, kwakunye nokuhamba kwegazi kumasebe ahlukeneyo (usebenzisa ulawulo lweDoppler).