I-Cancer isifo esiyingozi, njengoko ihlala ikhona ngaphandle kwembonakalo yeklinikhi kwaye idlalwa kuphela kwizigaba ezinzima zesifo. I-oncology yebele ivela kwiiseli ze-epithelium ezibandakanya amathanga ebisi okanye kwiisisiti zeglandular.
Izimpawu zomhlaza wesifuba
Phakathi kweempawu ze-oncology zesifuba, umntu unokukwazi ukubona owona mkhulu, oqulethwe ekufumaneni ukuxhamla kwibele. Ubukho be "cone" kwisifuba luhlala luphazamisayo. Emva koko, ingaba imfundo ebunobunzima kunye nomhlaza.
Kwisigaba sokuqala se-neoplasm ye-oncological, njengomthetho, kukho kuphela ujikelezo, ukungabi nantlungu ku-esifubeni. Isici saso siyakwazi ukujika xa uzama ukutshintsha. Oku kubangelwa ukungena kwamathambo ajikelezileyo. Ngomlinganiselo omkhulu wesikhumba, umehluko phakathi kwegciwane elichaphazelekayo kunye negalelo elichaphazelekayo liyabonakala. Amabele angasuswa. Ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza wesisu ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- Ukukhutshwa kwegazi kwi-ingxube kwenzeka ngesifo esivela kwi-epithelium ye-ductal, esesiteji sokubola.
- Utshintsho kwi ingono. Ezi zinokubangela isilonda (ikakhulukazi isimboli somhlaza wePaget). Kwakhona, kukho ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo, kwinqanaba. Uphawu olunjalo lube luphawu lokuqala lwe-tumor ephantsi kwe-ingono.
- Isibonakaliso se "peel peel". Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuphuma kwe-lymph kwi-gland kuyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yolu hlobo, luhlobo lwe-edema lwakhiwa, apho isikhumba sibe luhlobo lolusu lwezithelo ze-citrus.
- Uphawu lwembiliculation. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa kwegigamenti ye-mammary gland kwi-tumor, isikhumba sithatyathwa kwindawo ekhankanyiweyo.
- I-Edema yesifuba ngumpawu wesifo somhlaza.
- Ukwandiswa kwee-lymph nodes, nangona kukho ukubunjwa okuncinci kwi-mammary gland, kufuneka kuholele kwingcamango yenkqubo ye-oncological. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukubetha i-lymph nodes elapha ngasentla nezantsi kwe-clavicle.
- I-oncology ye-mammary gland kwisigaba se-4 ihamba kunye nobukho be-metastatic screening of cell tumors kwizitho ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo imiphunga kunye namathambo zichaphazelekayo.
Unyango kunye nokuvuselelwa phambi kwe-oncology yebele
Kwi-oncology emininzi, okanye umdlavuza webele, kubonakala ngathi isigwebo. Kodwa namhlanje kunethuba lokususwa ngokukhawuleza kokugxilwa kwe-oncologic ngokuzifumana ngokupheleleyo. Unyango oluphumelelayo lomhlaza webele lubhekisela ekukhutshweni kokukhwabanisa. Ukongeza, basebenzisa i-chemotherapy, radiotherapy kunye nokulawulwa kweziyobisi ze-hormone.
Ngenjongo yokubuyiselwa kunye nokunyanga okunyanga kwezigulane ezinezifo ze-oncological zebele, ukubonwa kwemibonakalo kuboniswe. Okokuqala, uviwo luqhutyelwa kanye emva kweenyanga ezintathu, ngokuthe rhoqo - rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Xa i- mastectomy , oko kukuthi, xa ususa i-gland, ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-prostheses ezikhethekileyo.
Ukukhubazeka kwi-oncology yebele kunikwa kwezi zilandelayo:
- emva kokuhlinzwa
kwizigulane ezinokulahlekelwa amandla okusebenza kwimisebenzi yabasebenzi besikhokelo; - phambi kweengxaki ezinxulumene nokusebenza;
- ngokuqinisekisayo ukuhlaziywa ebusweni benkqubo yokuxhaphaza;
- ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwesisu;
- ngexesha le-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation;
- Inkqubo enzima, ngesigaba esingenakuphulukiswa kwesi sifo.
Ukufumana umhlaza wesifuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba unikwe i-mammography yonyaka okanye i-ultrasound scan of the glands. Yaye ukuba unempawu zokuqala zomhlaza webele, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ne-mammologist.