Oomama abancinci badla ngokuxhalaba malunga nokuba umntwana wabo uhlangabezana kangakanani nemigangatho. Isizathu sokuba le nkxalabo idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokutyelela okokuqala kwikliniki, apho unina ongenamava utsheliwe ukuba umntwana wakhe uncinci okanye unzima kakhulu, akazuzi ubunzima okanye akakhuli nhlobo. Ziziphi iinkqubo zokulinganisa nokuphakama kwamakhwenkwe kwaye ziya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.
Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo benkwenkwe esanda kuzalwa
Siza kuxoxa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubunzima obuqhelekileyo besana olutsha, nokuba yinkwenkwe, nokuba yintombazana, ingumxholo onxulumene. Zininzi izinto ezithintela ubunzima obuza kuzalwa ngalo umntwana. Apha, ububele, ukutya komama, kunye nexesha lokukhulelwa apho umntwana azalwa khona kubalulekile. Ekuzalweni, ubunzima bemilinganiselo yabafana bahluka ukusuka kuma-2500 ukuya ku-4 500 amagremu, kunye nokuphakama-45-56 cm. Kwezibhedlele sokubeletha zibala i-Quetelet index - ubungakanani bomlinganiselo kunye nokuphakama kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana amakhwenkwe, aqhelekileyo avela kwiiyunithi ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-70. Ngethuba leentsuku zokuqala emva kokuzalwa komntwana ulahlekelwa kwi-6% yesisindo sayo. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kudibaniswa neenguqu kwi-metabolism yengane, ukwanda kwendlela yakhe yokusebenza. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ukulahleka kwesisindo kuyayeka, kwaye umntwana uqala ukukhula ngamandla.
1. Inyanga yokuqala:
- isethi yesisindo - 500-600 g;
- ukwanda - 2-3 cm;
- ukutshintsha ubukhulu bentloko ye-head by 1.5 cm.
Inyanga yesibili:
- isisindo somlinganiselo - 700-800 g;
- ukwanda - 2-3 cm;
- Ukutshintsha ubukhulu bendawo yokujikeleza kwentloko ngo-1-1.5 cm.
3. Inyanga yesithathu:
- inzuzo yesisindo - 800 g;
- inzuzo i-2-2.5 cm;
- Ukutshintsha ubukhulu bendawo yokujikeleza kwentloko ngo-1-1.5 cm.
4. Inyanga yesine:
- isisindo somlinganiselo - 700-750 g;
- inzuzo i-2-2.5 cm;
- umjikelezo wentloko utshintshe ngokungabalulekanga okanye ayitshintshi nhlobo.
5. Inyanga yesihlanu:
- isisindo somlinganiselo - 650-700 g;
- inzuzo ngu 1.5-2 cm.
6. Inyanga yesithandathu:
- inzuzo yesisindo - 600-650 g;
- inzuzo yi-1.5-2 cm;
- i-thorax kwisangqa iya kuba mkhulu kune-circumference yentloko.
7. Inyanga yesixhenxe:
- ukubeka isisindo - 550-600 g;
- inzuzo ngu 1.5-2 cm.
8. Inyanga yesibhozo:
- ukubeka isisindo - 500-550 g;
- inzuzo ngu 1.5-2 cm.
Inyanga yesithoba:
- isisindo somlinganiselo - 400-500 g;
- inzuzo ngu-2 cm.
Inyanga yeshumi:
- ukubeka isisindo - 400-450 g;
- inzuzo ngu-2 cm.
11. Inyanga yeshumi elinanye:
- inzuzo yesisindo sika 350-400 g;
- ukwanda kwe 1.5-2 cm.
12 Ngenyanga yeshumi elinesibini:
- Isilinganiselo sokulinganisela xa kuthelekiswa nokuzalwa ngamaxesha amathathu;
- ukwanda kokwanda xa kuthelekiswa nokuzalwa ngo-20-25 cm.
Le miqathango yokuzuza ubunzima kunye nokukhula kuyanxulumene, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi umntwana uyakhula. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba umntwana ulungile, umama kufuneka aphendule yena ngokwakhe kwimibandela emininzi:
- Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana usetyenziswa kwisifuba?
- Umntwana uphazamisa kaninzi? Ngaba umchamo ucocekileyo kwaye unombala ophuzi obomvu?
- Ngaba amehlo aqaqambileyo kwaye akhanya?
- Ingaba isikhumba somntwana sempilweni? Ngaba iintsana zikhula izipikili?
- Ngaba umntwana uyasebenza kwaye uhamba ngamandla?
- Ngaba ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomntwana kuhambelana nemimiselo?
- Uninzi lwexesha umntwana enomdla?
- Ngaba ixesha eliphumayo lomntwana lilandelwa ngamaxesha omsebenzi?
Izimpendulo ezintle kuzo zonke le mibuzo zibonisa ukuba umntwana ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo. Iimpendulo ezimbalwa ezimbi zifanele kube sisihlandlo sokubonisana nodokotela.
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Ukusebenzisa amatafula e-centile (iThebhile 1) kunye nokukhula (Itheyibhile 2) kubafana, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenziwa ukuba umntwana uhambelana nobani obudala. Ukuba iiparameter zomntwana zifakwe kwikholam "ephantsi kakhulu" okanye "ephakamileyo kakhulu," abazali mabafanele bamthathele ugqirha ukuze bacebise, kuba oku kungabonisa intsholongwane ekuphuhlisweni kwakhe, umzekelo, iingxaki kwi-endocrine system.