Amanzi kubalulekile kuzo zonke izilwanyana eziphilayo, kunye nokungabi naso, ukungcola kwamanzi okanye ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungaphuhlisa-inkqubo echaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwezitho kunye neenkqubo. Into eyingozi kakhulu kukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubantwana, kuba kukho ubudlelwane obuphambene phakathi komntwana womntwana kunye nomxholo womninzi emzimbeni wakhe: encinci i-carp, ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokungapheleli komlinganiselo wamanzi-electrolytic, ukunyanzeliswa komzimba kumntwana kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Ikakhulu kakhulu ingozi yayo kwizifo ezihamba kunye nomkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza. Ngexesha ukuchonga iimpawu zokungcoliswa komzimba kumntwana kwaye ukuphelisa le nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni imiphumo yokukhulelwa kwamanzi ingakhokelela ekutshintsheni okungenakuguquka kumzimba.
Cacisa izizathu zokungcoliswa komzimba kumntwana:
- Izifo ezibangelwa yi-viral zihamba kunye nomkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kunye nokuphela kokulahlekelwa ngumbane, kwaye umxholo we-electrolyte egazini ukwanda. Oku kungabangela izifo ezibangelwa yi-rotaviruses, i-adenovirus, i-lamblias, i-salmonella;
- izifo ezihamba kunye nentlungu emqaleni - ngezinye izihlandlo ezinobomi bokuphefumula okanye i-angina umntwana uginya kakhulu kangangokuba uyala ukusela;
- Kwakhona ku-ARVI kukho ukunyuka kwenyuka kwesikhumba ngenxa yesikhuphulo sobushushu bomzimba;
- isifo sikashukela - ukuba isigulane asifumani i-insulin, ukuphelelwa umdaka kwenzeka ngenxa yokungcola okungalawulwayo;
- malabsorption syndrome kunye ne-cystic fibrosis;
- ukujuluka okukhulu kunye nomsebenzi okhuselekileyo womzimba kunye neshushu sezulu.
Iimpawu zokungcola
Ukuze kuphephe iingxaki, kubalulekile ukuphawula iimpawu zokungcoliswa komzimba kumntwana, okubandakanya:
- Amehlo atshayile, ukungabi ninyembezi xa ekhala;
- i-fontanel engenanto kwiintsana;
- Iiyure eziyi-6-8 ngaphandle kokucoca. Ukuba kwenzeka, umchamo unombala omnyama kunye nephunga elimnandi;
- umlomo omile ngomlomo;
- ukunyaniseka, ukulala, ukungazinzi;
- umntwana wenqaba ukuvuka.
Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezibhalwe phantsi zokungcola kumntwana wakho, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lwe-dehydration yenziwa ngokuqwalasela umlinganiselo wokudambiswa kwamanzi kunye neempawu ezithile zesigulane esincinane.
Kukho izigaba ezintathu zokuphelelwa kwamanzi:
I-degree of dehydration iyenzeka nge-90% yezifo zamathumbu. Umqondiso walo omkhulu unxaniwe. Kule meko, iimbumba zomlomo kunye neliso zixutywe ngokukhawuleza, i-stool ayidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ama-3-4 ngamaxesha, ukuhlanza kuyisifo se-episodic. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba akukho ngaphezu kwama-5%.
I-II degree of dehydration iqala phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ilandelwa ukuhlanza okukhulu kunye nokurhuda kwesifo rhoqo. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kubangama-6-9% obunzima bokuqala, imeko yeembrane ezinamaqabunga ngqo kuxhomekeke kuyo -
I-III degree of dehydration ingenzeka ngenxa yesifo sohudo - ngaphezu kwama-20 ngamaxesha kunye nokuhlanza okukhulu. Umntwana ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-9% yesisindo somzimba wonke, ubuso bakhe bubukeka njenge-mask, uxinzelelo lwegazi luhla, iinyawo ziba nzima. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu, ekubeni ukulahleka kwesisindo ngaphezu kwe-15% kuya kubangela ukukhathazeka okunzima kwesifo sokuxilonga.
Ekubeni bonke abantwana kwinkqubo yokukhula bahlupheke ngokungafani nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanye nezo zikhokelela ekudambiseni amanzi, abazali kufuneka bazi ukuba benzani xa behlamba umzimba. Kwinqanaba le-I ne-II, njengomthetho, i-soldering yenziwa ngesisombululo se-electrolytic ye-reedron uhlobo. Ukuba umntwana wenqaba ukuthatha isisombululo, kufuneka ukhangele ugqirha wakho nantoni na onokuyiphuza xa uphelelwe amanzi. Njengotywala olongezelelweyo, utywala obunamanzi atyuwa asetyenzisiweyo: amanzi, ama-teas athathaka, iifom. Xa kunesidumbu esinzima kakhulu sokungcoliswa kwebanga lesi-III, kunokwenzeka ukujamelana nayo kuphela kwizicwangciso zesibhedlele phantsi kolawulo lweengcali, kuba kufuneka ukulungiswa kwamanzi okuyimfuneko.