Ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweso kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo esifanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kweempembelelo zombane. Inqanaba lesibini le-cranial lijongene nale nkqubo. Xa ukuvutha kwakhe kungazelelwe kwaye kuwonakalisa kakhulu umbono. Le ntsholongwane ihlala ichaphazela abantu abatsha abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40.
Imisebenzi ye-optic nererve
Isakhiwo salo sakhiwo sihluke kwabanye kwiziko elikhethekileyo. I-nertic optic i-medulla emhlophe ephakathi kwendawo. Idibene ne-nuclei ye-diencephalon kwaye ixhunyiwe kwi-hemispheres ezinkulu. Umsebenzi oyintloko wentsimbi ye-optic ibonwa ngento ebonakalayo. Isebe layo lokuqala li-receptors zamehlo kwi-retina (iigon kunye neentonga). Benza umtshini wombane onolwazi malunga nokukhanya nombala wento umntu abonayo, kwaye uyithumele kwingqondo.
Yintoni i-optic neuritis?
Ukukhubazeka kwimibuzo kunye neendlela zokuphuhliswa kwayo ziqhutyelwa zi-ophthalmologists. I-neuritis yukuvuvukala kwentsholongwane ye-optic. Ngokuxhomekeka kwendawo kunye nobukhulu bayo, lesi sifo sibalwa kwiintlobo ezi-3:
- retrobulbar neuritis;
- papillitis;
- neuroretinitis.
I-Retrobulbar neuritis ye-nertic optic
Le fomu yesifo ibonakaliswe kukutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo sezinto ngaphandle kwamehlo. I-neuritis enobuchopho ichaphazela kuphela umthwalo wee-fibers ze-neuro-conducting fibers. Iimitha zegazi kunye ne-retina zihlala zingekho. I-optic neuritis echazwe rhoqo ichaphazela iso linye kuphela. I-pathology iqhubela phambili kwaye iyakhupha iingxaki ezinzulu. Umphumo oqhelekileyo ngowokulahlekelwa ngumbono okanye okupheleleyo.
Intrabulbar neuritis
Uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokuvuvukala aluchaphazeli kuphela umthwalo wee-fibers, kodwa kunye ne diski ye-optic nererve. Esi sifo sikhula kwindawo apho ixhuma kwi-retina. Ukongezelela, i-papillitis yentsholongwane ye-optic ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi edla i-apula. Olu hlobo lwesifo luye lwaphuthuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye luphelela ekulahlekelweni kombono ongenakuguquka.
Neuroretinitis kweso
Kucinga ukuba neuritis yentsholongwane ye-optic ithathwa njengeyona ndlela yingozi kakhulu yokugula. Inkqubo yokuvuvuka kwangexesha elilodwa ichaphazela i-fiber neuroconductive fundle, i-disc kunye ne-retina yonke. I-optic neuritis enobuchule ifana nemiphumo emibi. Inkathazo enkulu ekuphatheni olu hlobo lwesifo yinkambo yayo yokungahambi kakuhle ekuqaleni kokuqhubela phambili.
I-optic neuritis - ibangela
Inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana kukukhutshwa komzimba. Oku kukutshatyalaliswa kwe-fat shell (shell) ye-fibre ye-nerve, eqinisekisa ukuqhuba kakuhle kwezimpembelelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-retrobulbar neuritis ye-optic nererve ifunyaniswa kwi-multiple sclerosis, ehamba ne-demyelination. Izifundo zonyango zamva nje zibonise ukuba ukuchazwa kwezifo kuqala ngomonakalo kwi-neurons kunye ne-axon. Izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli azikabikwa.
Ukongeza kule miba echukumisayo, i-optic neuritis ingenzeka ngeengxaki ezilandelayo:
- izifo eziqhelekileyo, ezinzima kunye ezingapheliyo;
- ukuvuvukala kwengqondo kunye nezibilini zayo;
- ukukhubazeka kokukhulelwa;
- nzakala;
- ukusuleleka kwe-nasopharynx;
- izifo ze-venereal ;
- naluphi ukuvuvukala kwamehlo;
- utywala, inetyhefu yamachiza (i-netic optic neuritis);
- izifo zomlomo womlomo;
- umkhuhlane okanye enye inentsholongwane yokuphefumula kwintsholongwane;
- beriberi;
- isifo sikashukela ;
- iimeko ezinzima;
- ukugula kwegazi kunye nezicubu ezixhamlayo;
- ukulimala kweentliziyo kunye nabanye.
I-Optic neuritis - iimpawu
Umfanekiso wekliniki wesi sifo kuxhomekeke kwimoko kunye nesidanga. Kwizigulane ezininzi ze-ophthalmologist, i-optic neuritis ihamba phambili ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na impawu, emva koko imbonakalo ethile ye-pathology ivele ngokukhawuleza. Uphawu oluphambili, olwenzeka kwi-90% yamatyala, luyingozi ekubonakalayo, abanye abantu bayawulahleka ngokupheleleyo. Kukho ezinye izinto ezihamba kunye nokuvuvukala kweempawu zesifo se-optic:
- ukuphulwa kombono ochanekileyo wombala;
- intlungu kwimeko yamehlo, esoloko ivela ngexesha lokuhamba kwawo;
- Iimpawu eziyimfama kwintsimi yembono, ikakhulukazi phakathi;
- ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuhlwa (malunga nemizuzu emithathu okanye ngaphezulu);
- ukuwohloka kombono ngokunyuka kwimobushushu yomzimba okanye kwimeko yendalo (uphawu lwe-Uthoff);
- i-photopsy (iindawo ezikhanyayo, ukukhanya kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili) phambi kwamehlo.
Optic neuritis - ukuxilongwa
Ukuze kuqeshwe unyango oluchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukutyelela i-ophthalmologist. Ugqirha kufuneka afumane ukuba yiyiphi i-optic neuritis eqhubekayo - iimpawu kunye nenkango zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiifom. Izifundo zeLebhu ekuxilongweni azibalulekanga. I-neuritis (nayiphi na) ye-nertic optic inqunywe ngokwezikhalazo zesigulane kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologic (uviwo lwe-fundus, i-fluorescent angiography). Ngokufanayo, ukwahlukana kwenziwa nezinye izifo ezifanayo.
Optic neuritis - unyango
Esi sifo sisoloko sithobela ukuxolelwa, kodwa unyango luyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukumisa into ebangela ukuba i-neuritis ye-optic - iindlela zokonyango zixhomekeke kwi-pathogen yokuvuvukala. Iindlela eziphambili zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial and hormonal. Kwimeko yokungafezeki kwala ma-agent, i-immunoglobulins kunye ne-plasmapheresis imiselwe.
Antibiotics ye-optic neuritis
Ukuba inkqubo yokuvuvukala yaqala ngokusuka kwimvelaphi yentsholongwane ye-microbial, kufuneka kusetshenziswe ukuxinzelela. I-optic neuritis iquka ukulawulwa kweziza-antibiotics:
- Ampicillin ;
- Ertapenem;
- Ticarcicline;
- Levofloxacin;
- Amoxicillin;
- Ciprofloxacin ;
- Meropenem;
- Levomycetin;
- Moxifloxacin kunye neempawu.
Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa ama-agent antimicrobial ngesenzo se-ototoxic:
- Neomycin;
- Kanamycin;
- Streptomycin;
- Gentamicin.
Ama-antibiotics ayimiselweyo xa intsholongwane ibangela ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nonyango kwimeko enjalo kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza afanelekileyo:
- I-Famciclovir;
- Cycloferon;
- Valaciclovir;
- Panavir ;
- Acyclovir;
- Famvir;
- Valvir nabanye.
I-neuritis ye-Optical: unyango kunye ne-prednisolone-i-dose ephezulu
Indlela eyintloko yokuphelisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala kukusetyenziswa kwe-horticone ye-corticosteroid. Le yindlela ekhawulezayo neyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokunyanga i-neuritis yentsholongwane ye-optic nayiphi na indlela. Isicwangciso sonyango sonyango siquka ukujova kwangexesha elilodwa kwe-1 ml yeDexamethasone (isisombululo esingu-0.4%) kunye nePrednisolone yangaphakathi.
Umyinge wokugqibela ubonise ukulungiselela kukhethwe ngabanye, ukususela kwi-0.005 g 4-6 ngamaxesha ngosuku. Inkqubo yokwelashwa ne-Prednisolone iintsuku ezingama-5, kodwa isixa sayo kufuneka sanciphise kancane ukuya ku-0.001 g ngeeyure ezingama-24. Ubungakanani bomjovo weDexamethasone yi-10-15. Ngokufanayo, kuyimfuneko ukujoza amayeza angama-detoxification (i-Reopoliglyukin, i-Gemodez) kunye nee-agent eziphucula iinkqubo ezincinci (iNicergoline, Trental).
Ukongezelela, i-ophthalmologist ingancoma ama-injection amavithamini:
- thiamine;
- nicotinic acid;
- pyridoxine okanye iisombululo ezidibeneyo.
I-neuritis ye-Optical - i-pulse therapy
Indlela eqwalaselweyo yokubhenca ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kuphela ukuba iindlela ezisisiseko ezingasebenziyo okanye i-pathogenesis yemvelaphi yokuzimela. Ukunyanga kwamanyango ekwonyango kwe-optic neuritis kukulawulwa kwe-intravenous of high levels of horticone corticosteroid, umzekelo, i-Methylprednisolone. Isigulane sifumana i-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 g yesilwanyana rhoqo emva kweeyure ezingama-6 iintsuku ezingama-3-5. Emva kokupheliswa okupheleleyo kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala, unyango luye lugqithiselwa ngokukhawuleza kurhulumente oqhelekileyo.
I-optic neuritis - unyango kunye nezilwanyana zabantu
Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo zeziganeko ezichazwe ngesifo, ukunyuka kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nemiphumo eyingozi, kungavunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo ukubandakanya unyango ngokuzimeleyo. Naluphi na uhlobo lweendlela ezivumelekileyo ukuba lusebenze kuphela emva kokuvunywa kwe-ophthalmologist kwaye phantsi kweliso lakhe eliqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungayigcini unyango olulondolozayo. Ezinye iinkqubo zinokusebenza nje njengonyango olungancedaniyo.
I-Eye compresses
Izithako :
- Ijusi elityanisiweyo ngokutsha ukusuka kumaqabunga e-alo - 1 ithisipuni;
- amanzi aphelileyo abilisiwe - iispuni ezi-5.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Hlanganisa izithako.
- Qinisekisa i-discton ye-discol discs.
- Basebenzise amehlo akho ngemizuzu eyi-15.
- Phinda ukuphathwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ama-6-8 ngamaxesha.
Umama ukunyangwa kwe-optic neuritis
Izithako :
- amanzi ahlanzekileyo - 90 ml;
- i-juice ye-aloe isanda kufakwa-10 ml;
- Umama - 5 g.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Gxobhoza amanzi ngejusi yemifuno.
- Dissolve kulo mzi wamanzi.
- Ukuxuba kunye ne-arhente efunyenweyo kwamehlo kokuhla kwe-1.
- Gcina iipilisi zivaliwe isiqingatha somzuzu.
- Phinda kabini ngosuku.
Ukuphulukisa isiraphu kwi-neuritis
Izithako :
- iigesi zepini eziluhlaza - 100 g;
- iintyatyambo kunye namaqabunga e-fragrant rue - 50-70 g;
- i-lemon - i-1 piece;
- ushukela-1 indebe;
- amanzi - 2 ilitha.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Hlanganisa ama-cones, iintyatyambo namaqabunga.
- Uwathulule ngamanzi abilayo.
- Yongeza i-lemon, ihlanjwe ize igalelwe kwiingxenye ezine (kunye ne-peel kunye namathambo).
- Yongeza ushukela.
- Umxube obangelwayo ubilisiwe.
- Ukunciphisa ubukhulu bomlilo kwaye upheke isiraphu imizuzu engama-30.
- Ukumboza umkhiqizo ngesibindi, gxiba isithathu kweyure.
- Nciphisa iyeza.
- Phuza 1 tbsp. isipuni ngaphambi kokutya, amaxesha amathathu ngosuku.