Iqela leentsholongwane ze-endocrine, apho i- insulin i-hormone insufficient iyabonwa, ibizwa ngokuba yi-diabetes mellitus. Ukufa ngenxa yeziphumo zesi sifo kubangabantu abanezigidi ezine emhlabeni jikelele. Abandezelekayo ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-insulin malunga ne-6% yabemi behlabathi lethu.
Iintlobo zesifo seswekile
Esi sifo ngokwemigangatho ye-World Health Organisation yezinto ezimbini. Hlukanisa iintlobo zesifo sikashukela: ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulini (uhlobo olu-1) kunye ne-insulin-ezizimeleyo (iindidi ezimbini). Ezi ntlobo ezimbini zihluke kwiindlela zokuqala kwesi sifo, izizathu kunye nemigaqo yonyango. Kuzo zombini iimeko, into yokuqala echazwe yiengcali yondlo oluqinileyo.
Uhlobo lwe-1 lweswekile
Uhlobo lokuqala (i-diabetes exhomekeke kwi-insulin) lubonakala ngeengxaki ngepakreas, apho ingxube ye-insulin egazini iyancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlobo lugcinwa usemncinci kwaye luhamba kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu leswekile egazini. Ngokubhekiselele kwimfuyo yezinto eziphilayo, umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo, ukuba omnye wabazali unesifo sikashukela se-1, sanda kakhulu.
Isifo sikashukela sesibini 2
Uhlobo lwesibini (uhlobo olusisiseko lwe-diabetes oluxhomekeke kwi-insulin) lubonakaliswe ngumkhiqizo okhulayo okanye oqhelekileyo we-hormone ye-insulin, kodwa kule ngxaki ingxaki yokuba iiseli aziqondi, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-glucose ingenele iiseli. Oku akuyiyo imbono yeeselithi ze-insulin kuthiwa "ukunyanzelwa kwe-insulin."
Kukho elinye igama lesi sifo - "isifo sikashukela", kodwa oku kuphela kuphela xa kukho i-hormone ephosakeleyo engakwazi ukuthetha kunye neeseli, kuba i-receptors yabo ayikwazi "ukuyibona". Iphutha le nto ayiyiyo ingqiqo isakhiwo esingalunganga se-insulin.
Izizathu zesifo sikashukela
Wonke umntu uyazi malunga nombono wobudlelwane obangela imbangela kwaye esi sifo asikho nje. Isifo sikashukela sisisiphumo, kwaye nayiphi na isiphumo sinesibangela esinye okanye ngaphezulu. Inye nganye yesifo sikashukela sinesizathu sayo, esimele siqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Izigulane ezineesifo sikashukela kunye nabasengozini kufuneka ziqaphele izizathu kunye neendlela zokuqala kwesi sifo.
Iimbangela zohlobo lwe-1 lweeswekile zesifo sikashukela
Izizathu zokuvela kwe-diabetes e-insulin exhomekeke kwi-insulin zininzi kwaye lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengengozi kakhulu, kuba akunakwenzeka njalo ukuyixilonga kwisigaba sokuqala, kuba i-symptomatology ibonakala nangona i-80% ye-β-cell ichithwa. Ngephesenti enjalo yokutshatyalaliswa, i-hormone engenalo i-hormone engenakho ifunyanwa kwizigulane.
Isifo sikashukela esinesifo sikashukela sinokubangela izizathu ezinjalo:
- Ukuphendula okuvuthayo yi-insulitis, eyenzeka kwiziqithi ze-pancreas.
- Ulungelelwaniso oluthile.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-β-seli, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo okanye zibe yimpembelelo engafanelekanga yezinto zangaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zifo zintsholongwane: i-mumps, inkukhu yenkukhu, igciwane leCoxsackie, i-cytomegalovirus, imasel, i-rubella.
- Ukugxininiswa kweengcinezelo kunokuba yizinto ezinamandla zokwenza i-aggravation kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nokomeleza isenzo seentsholongwane.
Izizathu zohlobo lwe-2 lweswekile
Izizathu zokuthi isifo sikashukela solu hlobo lwesibini siphume kakhulu sininzi, kwaye ukuba sikwazi ukuchaneka, yinto enzima kakhulu.
- Heredity. Ukuba omnye wabazali wayenayo i-SD II, ngoko kwenzeka ukuba umntwana uya kugula, afinyelele kuma-40 ekhulwini.
- Buhlanga. Kuyaziwa ukuba ama-Asiya, ama-Afrika aseMelika, iiLatinos kunye namaNative aseMelika abasengozini ngenxa yokuba banesifo esininzi kwisifo.
- Ukunyuka komzimba. Ukutya okuninzi okutya, ukutya ukutya okucwetshiwe (iifom, i-pastries, i-chocolate, njl njl njl.), Ubusuku bokutya, ubuninzi obuninzi bemifuno yemifuno (imifuno kunye neziqhamo) kwimenyu ukwandisa ithuba lokuvela kwesifo sikashukela.
- U xinzelelo. Umngcipheko wokugula ugxininisa kulabo bafumana uxinzelelo lwegazi eliphezulu.
- Hypodinamy. Ukungabikho komsebenzi wemoto kaninzi kubangela ubunzima obunzima kunye nokunyuka kwe-metabolism, engakhokelela kwisifo sikashukela.
Isifo seswekile sesifo
Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sinokufana nesibini nohlobo lwesibini. Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kunokuthi kwenzeke ngendlela efihliweyo kwaye emva kwexesha umntu ubeka ingqalelo kwiimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela: ukuvutha rhoqo, ukukhathala okungapheliyo, umlomo owomileyo, ukunciphisa izenzo zesondo, njl. Abantu abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba amazwe anjalo angabonisa ukuba umntu unesifo sikashukela. Kufanelekile ukuqwalasela iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo sikashukela ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo.
Uhlobo lwam Iimpawu:
- ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nesondlo esihle;
- ukulala nokukhathala okungapheliyo;
- unxaniwe;
- ukujikeleza okuqhelekileyo nokugqithiseleyo.
Uhlobo lwe-Symptomatic II luquka iimpawu ezingentla kwaye luyakongezwa:
- ubuthathaka kunye nobutyebi;
- uxinzelelo oluphezulu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemida okanye ukubetha kwimizi iminwe;
- isicongconi, esivame ukuhamba nokuhlanza;
- isikhumba esomileyo, ukubetha, ukuphilisa amanxeba;
- usulelo lwezonyango.
Iingxaki zesifo sikashukela sesifo
Uhlobo oluxhomekeke kwi-insulin oluxhomekeke kwi-diabetes kunye nenhlobo exhomekeke kwi-insulin ineengxaki ezidibeneyo:
- bukhali;
- engapheliyo;
- kamva.
Iingxaki ezinobungozi kakhulu ziphelile:
- i-hypoglycemia;
- ketoacidosis;
- i-lactocidotic coma;
- i-hyperosmolar coma.
Imiphumo yokugqibela iquka:
- ingqondo ;
- retinopathy ;
- polyneuropathy ;
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela .
Iziphumo ezingapheliyo zesifo sikashukela:
- Izintso. Eli thuba kunye nexesha lilahlekelwa ukukwazi ukujamelana nemisebenzi yalo.
- Iinqwelo. Ngenxa yokungonakaliswa kokuphelelwa komzimba, ziba nzima, ezikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo.
- Isikhumba. Ngenxa yokunyuka kwegazi, kunomngcipheko wezilonda ze-trophic.
- CNS. Ubuthathaka kunye nobunzima bemilenze, ukubonakala kwintlungu engapheliyo.
Indlela yokuphatha isifo sikashukela?
Impatho ephumelelayo yesifo sikashukela esineemeko ezininzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni imimiselo yoogqirha iphunyezwa njani. Ukongezelela, unyango lwonyango lwesi sifo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Xa unyango lwesifo sikashukela, iindlela ezingezona zendabuko ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswe, kodwa kuphela ngemvume yokuba ugqirha oya kwiindawo ezincedisayo.
Ngaba ndinokunyanga isifo sikashukela?
Njengoko andingathandi ukubika ngenye indlela, kodwa isifo sikashukela saluphi na uhlobo sisifo sobomi. Unokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kweempawu, kodwa ukukrazula isifo sikashukela asiyi kwenzeka, ukuze bangathembisi ukuvakalisa iindlela ezintsha, ezihlala zikhunjulwa ngabo bafumana isifo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela yonke imiyalelo yoogqirha kwaye ungabandakanyeli unyango, ngoko ngezinye iimeko, ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kweempawu zesifo sikashukela.
Iziyobisi ze-type 1 zeswekile
Ukuqwalasela umbuzo wendlela yokuphatha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-1, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele amayeza achazwe oogqirha. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, ngokuqhelekileyo izilungiso ezinceda ukulahla iimpawu okanye ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwazo okungekho nto:
- ACE. Uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo okanye umthamo weprotheni kumchamo ungaphezu kwesiqhelo.
- Aspirin. Ngeengxaki zentliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
- ZeNkcazo. Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, ukuvala imivenge yegazi.
- Iziyobisi ezinceda iingxaki zokumiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo yi-Viagra ne-Levitra, kodwa unokuwathatha kuphela emva kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
- Kuthetha ngeengxaki zokugonya. Ingaba yiTserukal okanye i-Erythromycin ukuba i-gastroparesis iphuhlise.
Iziyobisi ze-2 zesifo sikashukela
Ukuba sithetha malunga nendlela yokuphatha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2, ke izidakamizwa zichazwe kwindlela eyahlukileyo. Phakathi kwazo ziingcali ezandisa ukwanda kwamaseli kwi-insulin:
- Pioglar;
- Metformin ;
- Diaglitazone.
Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezinxulumene nezixhobo ezibandakanya ukunyangwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2:
- Januvia;
- Inglis;
- Glukobay;
- EVictoria;
- Baeta.
Ukulungiselela okukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-insulin:
- Novonorm;
- Starlix;
- Gljurenorm;
- Diabeton;
- Maninil.
Indlela yokunyanga isifo sikashukela ngezilwanyana zomntu?
Abo banqwenela ukugqithisa ngokukhawuleza iimpawu ezihamba nesifo sikashukela, umbuzo wendlela yokunyanga isifo sikashukela ekhaya ngokukhethekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubunzima bonyango lubandakanya ukupheka kunye neyeza zendabuko, kodwa ukwenza ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kungacetyiswa.
Ukuxutywa kwe-cortex ye-chemist ye-Amur evela kwisifo sikashukela uye wazimisela njengesixazululo esihle kakhulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukuphucula ngokuphawulekayo i-carbohydrates metabolism. Ukufumana iziyobisi akukhuthazi nje kuphela ukuveliswa kwe-insulin, kodwa kunye ne-enzymes yepascreas: lipase, protease kunye ne-amylase. Thatha ukumnika ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo.
- Kubantu abadala: 1 ithisipuni kathathu ngosuku.
- Kubantwana: 1 tsp 1-2 ngamaxesha ngosuku.
- Inkqubo yesicelo ayikho ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu.
I-Recipe yokunciphisa iswekile yegazi kumlonyeni uKim
Izithako:
- 300 g yegalikhi;
- 300 g yamagqabi okanye iingcambu ze-parsley (iingcambu ziyasebenza ngakumbi);
- 100 g yephepha lemon.
Ukulungiselela nokusetyenziswa
- I-peel igalikhi kwaye uhlambe ingcambu ye-parsley (okanye amaqabunga).
- Zonke izithako zixhomekeke kwisiqununu somzimba.
- Dlulisa umxube obangelwayo kwisitya uze uhlale kwindawo emnyama iiveki ezimbini.
- Ukwamkelwa kuyaphakanyiswa kwisixa sesipuni sepuni ngaphambi kokutya.
- Umlobi we-recipe ucebisa ukusela umxube we-decoction weerbshi: i-horsetailtail, i-cranberries yamagqabi, i-corn stigmas, iibhejista zeembotyi. Brew umhluzi nje: i-tablespoon 1 yeqoqo leengcambu kwiglasi yamanzi.
Isondlo seswekile sesifo sikashukela
Naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo, ukutya kunye nesifo sikashukela kuyinto yokuqala yokugcina. Ukuba ucinga ukuba imbangela yesi sifo idla ngokutya okungalunganga: ukusetyenziswa kwenani elikhulu lokutya elinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-glycemic, iipesele, iimpahla eziphekiweyo, njl.
Isifo sikashukela - ungenza ntoni ukuba awukwazi?
Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa iindidi zeemveliso eziwela phantsi kokuthintela ngokungqongqo, ezo kufuneka zibe kwimenyu yemihla ngemihla. Ukutya kwesifo sikashukela se-type 2 kunye nohlobo lwe- 1 kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukuba luqwalasele ukuba luyakwazi ukuvelisa i-diabetes mellitus iimveliso, kungekhona okokukhethayo. Kubalulekile ukugcina ngokugqithiseleyo inkqubo enjalo yamandla, ngaphandle koko ayiyi kuba nenjongo kuyo.
Inqatshelwe ukufakwa kwisondlo:
- Ushukela kwifom ecocekileyo kunye neesekese. Ngaphantsi kokuvalwa kuya kufumana i-ice cream, i-jam, i-chocolate, ii-chocolates kunye ne-halva.
- Ukubhaka , njengomgaqo, iqulethe ininzi yeshukela evinjelwe kwaye iphezulu yeekhalori.
- Ukutya okusemathinini kunye nemveliso yokutshaya. Ukutya kunye neentlanzi ukutya okusemathinini kunye nomxholo weoli, utywala kunye nemveliso yokutshaya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-GI ephantsi, leyo iyenayo imveliso, iphezulu kakhulu ngeekhalori.
- Ukutya okunamafutha kunye nentlanzi. Iintlobo ezinamafutha akufanele zisebenzise. Xa udla intaka, kufuneka ususe isikhumba.
- Imveliso yobisi. Kuthe malunga nemveliso yobisi bonke, kuba banomxholo ophezulu weoli, njenge-SD.
- AmaSauces. Ngokukodwa kuxhalabisa i-mayonnaise kunye nezinye izinto ezinamafutha.
- Manka. Imveliso ye-Manna ingabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ye-pasta kuncinci kwaye iimveliso ezikhethiweyo ezenziwe kwimiqolo epheleleyo.
- Izityalo ezinomxholo ophezulu ushukela. Oku kusebenza kwiidiliya, i-watermelon kunye nebhanana.
- Imifuno. Ukunciphisa imfuno kwiimifuno ezomileyo kunye neebherethi ezibilisiwe.
- Iziphuzo zikaKarbonate. Ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu ushukela kubo.
- Chips kunye nokutya. Ezi mveliso njengeemithetho zinomxholo ophezulu weoli kwaye ziqulethe ityuwa eninzi.
- Utywala kufuneka ulinganiselwe, kodwa ukusuka kwiwayini elimnandi kunye ne-champagne kufuneka ilahlwe ngokupheleleyo.
Imveliso efuneka ifakwe kwisidlo seswekile:
- Isonka kunye nemveliso yokubhaka. Kungcono ukuba ibhakabhile ekhethekileyo yabashukela besifo sikashukela.
- Inyama. Uncame iintlobo ezingezona zifo: umvundla, umlenze, inyama, inyama yenkukhu.
- Intlanzi. Kuthetha malunga neentlobo eziphantsi zeoli (i-carp, ikhodi, i-pike i-pike, i-pike), ngaphandle koko, kufuneka iphekwe isibini, bhaka okanye ubilise.
- Amaqanda. Akukho ngaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku.
- Iimveliso zobisi kunye nomxholo weoli ophantsi.
- Izitya zokuqala. Iisobho kunye neengxube, eziphekwe kwimifuno okanye inyama ephantsi yeoli kunye nentlanzi.
- Imifuno. Ivumelekile ukuba idle yonke imifuno, kodwa ingafaki.
- Izithelo kunye namajikijolo. Kukulungele ukusebenzisa iipulole, i-raspberries, iidipefruit kunye ne-kiwi kwisifo sikashukela, kuba ayinakwandisa kuphela isetyhu, kodwa iyanciphisa i-cholesterol.
- Ioli e vuno. Akukho iipunipoon ezingaphezu kweebini ezivunyelwe imihla ngemihla.
- Kusela. Efanelekileyo: iitishi ezingenashukela kunye neentshisi ezitsha.
Imenyu yesifo sikashukela
Ukwenza imenyu efanelekileyo yesifo sikashukela se-type 2 kunye nohlobo lwe-1, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba kucetyiswa ukuba uthathe ukutya okuncinci kwiindawo ezahlukileyo. Imfuneko yokufumana imenyu yesifo sikashukela iyanele ngokwaneleyo yamanzi acocekileyo (ukuya kuma-liters ezimbini). Imenyu yemihla ngemihla ibonakala ngathi:
Isidlo sakusasa:
- i-porridge - 200 g;
- isonka esingqolowa - 25 g;
- isiqwenga se-fat-fat cheese - 30-40 g;
- itiye ngaphandle kweshukela.
Wesibini isidlo sasekuseni:
- iiapulo - malunga ne-150 g;
- itiye ngaphandle kweshukela ngebhayisiki yebhasi.
Ukutya:
- borsch okanye isobho - 250 g;
- isonka - 25 g;
- isaladi yemifuno - 100 g;
- Cutlets (inyama okanye intlanzi) kwiqela elincinane - 100 g.
I-Snack:
- isiphuzo sokuphuza isiphuphu;
- I-fat-cottage cheese ephantsi-100 g;
- i-jelly kunye ne-sugar substitute okanye izithelo ezintsha 100 g.
Isidlo:
- inyama ebilisiwe okanye intlanzi - 100 g;
- isaladi yemifuno entsha - 100 g.
Wesibini isidlo:
- iglasi ye-fat kefir.