I-nephropathy ye-diabetes yinkimbinkimbi yeenguqu zegazi kwiimithwalo zegazi zezintso ezigcinwe kuzo zombini iintlobo zesifo sikashukela. Le ngxaki ifunyaniswa kwi-10-20% yezigulane ezine-diabetes mellitus.
Iimbangela zesifo sofuzo lwesifo sikashukela
Izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, yi-hyperglycemia (ishukela ephezulu yegazi) kunye nokuhlawulwa kwexesha elingaphelelanga lokuphulwa kwe-carbohydrates metabolism. Ngenxa yolu hlobo, iinkqubo ze-biochemical shintshintsha kancane kancane: ukuphulwa kwe-homeostasis yamanzi-electrolyte, ukutshintshisiswa kwamafutha e-fatty, ukwehla kwezothutho lwe-oksijini,
I-glucose yenza inetyhefu kwiiseli zezintso, kunye neenkqubo ezenza umonakalo kunye nokwandisa ukubola kweendonga zabo. Ngenxa yomonakalo kwinkqubo yesifo se-diabetes mellitus, iinqanawa ze-renal zonyusa uxinzelelo, kwaye izitya ezonakalisiweyo zithatyathwa ngamathambo axhumeneyo. Kwakhona, indima ekuphuhliseni i-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela idlalwa ngumxhesho ophezulu wegazi kunye neengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi, kunye ne-genetic factor.
Iimpawu kunye nezigaba zesifo sofuzo lwesifo sikashukela
Ekuphuhliseni le nkcenkcesho, izigaba ezihlanu ziyaziwayo, ezintathu zazo zilungelelaniso, I-nephropathy ye-diabethe ekuqaleni ayinayo ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwaye iyakwazi kuphela iinqununu ezizodwa okanye i-biopsy. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumanisa i-pathology kwizigaba zokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba Kule xesha kuphela kusekuhlaziywa. Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi iinkcukacha ezitshintshiweyo kwisigaba ngasinye sesifo.
Isigaba I - ukwanda kwamaseli e-renal, ukwanda kwe-excretion kunye nokucoca umchamo (ukungasebenzi kwamalungu).
Isigaba sesi-2 - senze malunga nama-2 eminyaka emva kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Ukunyuka kweendonga zeenqanawa ze-renal kuyimpawu.
Isigaba III - umonakalo omkhulu kwimikhumbi yeentso, i-microalbuminuria (ixabiso elincinane leprotheni kumchamo), utshintsho kwinqanaba lokuhlanjululwa kwe-glomerular.
Isigaba se-IV - senze iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15 emva kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Iimpawu zobume zi:
- proteinuria (isabelo semali eninzi yeprotheni kumchamo);
- ukuvuvukala okukhulu emilenzeni, ubuso, isisu esiswini, njl.;
- ukunyuka komzimba;
- buthathaka;
- isicefe
- unxaniwe;
- ekhanda rhoqo ;
- kunyuka kwixinzelelo lwegazi.
Isigaba- phantse sigqibe i-sclerosis ye-vascular, ukwehla okukhulu kwimisebenzi ye-intts. Ezinye iimpawu zi:
- proteinuria enkulu;
- uphuhliso lwe-anemia;
- ukuvuvukala okukhulu;
- ukunciphisa i-hyperglycemia;
- i-dyspeptic syndrome;
- uremia, njl
Indlela yokuphatha i-nephropathy ye-diabetes?
Kwonyango lwezilwanyana, kukho ezintathu ziyinxalenye:
- ukugcina izinga eliphezulu leeshukela egazini;
- Ulwaphulo lwe-blood pressure lwentliziyo kunye ne-microalbuminuria;
- ukuthintela ukuhla kwexesha elikhawulezayo kwimisebenzi yengqondo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesigaba se-uchiric sokungaphumeleli kwintliziyo;
- ukuxilongwa kweyeza.
Xa unyango lwe-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, ukusetyenziswa kwala maqela eziyobisi kuboniswa:
- amalungiselelo e-hypoglycemic;
- i-inhibitors ye-enzyme yokuguqula i-angiotensin;
- i-angiotensin i-receptor antagonists;
- beta-blockers;
- iibhloko zecalcium;
- amalungiselelo omgangatho we-lipid wegazi;
- diuretics ;
- zinyulu;
- antizotemics nabanye.
Kudinga ukuthotyelwa kwezilwanyana eziphantsi kweeprotheni kunye neetyuwa, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha. Ukuba umsebenzi wezintso uphulwa ngokubalulekayo, kunokwenzeka ukulawula unyango oluthathekileyo (i-hemodialysis, i-dialysis engapheliyo ye-peritoneal) okanye unyango olusenziwa ngunyango wokufakelwa kweengtso.