Izifo ezithintekayo I-Anthrax iyaziwa kusukela mandulo. Namhlanje, ayithwali, njengangaphambili, uhlamvu lwe-epidemiological kwaye lwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezizimeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, eRussia, ukususela kwi-15 ukuya kwi-50 izifo zesifo zizinzileyo ngonyaka, ezingama-350 ngaphantsi kwexesha le-19 leminyaka.
Yintoni i-anthrax?
Izifo ze-Anthrax ebantwini sisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yi-bacteria (Bacillus anthracis) kwaye ivela ngokuyinxalenye kwifom ye-dermal, xa i-carbuncle ifomisa elukhumbeni. Ngaphantsi kaninzi unokuhlangabezana nale ngxaki ngesimo se-pulmonary okanye isifo se-intestinal nge-sepsis. Ukutshabalalisa okuphezulu kwesi sifo kuphezulu kwiifom zamapulmones kunye namathumbu kwaye kuyafikelela kuma-90%. Ukubonakala okubonakalayo kunokubangela ukuba unyango luphumelele, kodwa ekungabikho kwayo, izinga lokufa li-5-10%
Igosa elijongene ne-anthrax
Iimpawu ze-Anthrax ziyi-bacterium - i-Sibiriazvennye i-bacilli, engamelana nokutshintsha kwimeko kwaye ingaba ngohlobo lwee-spores kwizikhumba zezilwanyana okanye emashumini eminyaka. Ukuba sicinga ngolu xwebhu, i-anthrax yaseSiberia ibangelwa yi-B. Anthracis - iindidi ezinkulu, ukuya kwi-10 μm ubude kwaye zifike kwi-1.5 μm ububanzi. Xa zifunyenwe kwi-smears, zivame ukufumaneka kwindlela yamaketanga okanye ababini.
I-Anthrax - iindlela zokusuleleka
Umthombo osisiseko sentsholongwane i-herbivores (iibhokhwe, iibhokhwe, amahashe, iinkamela, izimvu) kunye nehagu. Izilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo zifakela i-bacilli ngamanxeba, umchamo kunye nesitulo. Kukho ukuhlengahlengiswa kweendlela zokusasazwa kwezilwanyana.
- Nondlo. Ivela emva kokutya inyama engahlambulukanga, iimveliso zobisi kunye nobisi obomileyo.
- Uqhagamshelwano. Iqela leengozi - abasebenzi abasondelene kakhulu nezilwanyana. Isifo esinesifo se-anthrax sinakho kwaye ngokudibanisa nezikhumba zezilwanyana ezifileyo (kwaziwa ukuba i-anthrax bacillus ihlala kwiikhumba okanye umhlaba iminyaka elishumi).
- Uthuli oluthile. Usulelo lwe-anthrax luvela kwiimbrane ezinqabileyo zendlela yokuphefumula. Kwiqela lomngcipheko - abasebenzi bezesikhumba.
I-Anthrax - iimpawu kubantu
Isibonakaliso sesi sifo esiyingozi sincike kakhulu kwi-anthrax. Uhlu lwamanje luhlukanisa iifom ezimbini zeekliniki, esiza kuziqwalasela ngokubanzi ngezantsi:
- isikhumba;
- jikelele.
Nangona kunjalo, ifom yefowuni yintlobo ezintathu kwaye i-symptomatology nganye yeefom ineenkalo zokuqala:
- pulmonari;
- emathunjini;
- septic.
Ifom ye-anthrax
Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, iimpawu zokuqala zingabonakala ngosuku emva kokuqala kwe-anthrax spore, kodwa kukho iimeko xa kungekho zibonakaliso zentshukumo ye-spore zigcinwe iiveki ezimbini. Ikhumba le-anthrax kwisigaba sokuqala sifana nesithintelo emva kokuluma kwimiyane, kodwa kwixesha elizayo kukho iimpawu ezinjalo:
- intlungu kunye nokubetha;
- ukubonakala kwee-vesicle, eziza kuba izilonda ezimnyama kwaye zihamba kunye nokuvuvukala;
- ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa;
- ukungabi nesidlo;
- iimeko ezinesifo;
- intloko;
- i-lymph nodes .
Emva kokubunjwa kwesilonda emva kweentsuku ezingama-5-6, i-bottom it sinks, kunye neentambo ze-vesicle ezinezinto ezingenambala zibonakala. Xa isilonda sifinyelela kubukhulu beemitha eziyi-8 ukuya kwi-15, kuba yinto ye-anthrax carbuncle. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, i-scab ifomu kwindawo yesilonda, ewela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, kodwa ixesha lokubuyisela lingaba lide.
Indlela yeplmonary of anthrax
Isifo I-Anthrax kwifom ye-pulmonary ibuhlungu yaye ibangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo nakubomi bomntu. I-Infectology ihlukanisa izigaba ezibini zesigaba sesi sifo kwifom ye-pulmonary:
- Iyokuqala inokugqibela ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.
- Isibini sibonakala ngokukhawuleza.
I-Anthrax, iimpawu zazo kwisigaba sokuqala se-pulmonary ifom ingahamba kunye neengxaki ezingenakukhathazeka esifubeni. Kwixesha elizayo, imeko yesigulane ihla kakhulu kwaye ivela:
- ukuphefumula okufutshane ;
- ukwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya kumazinga amanqanaba);
- i-cyanosis yolusu;
- utywala;
- ukuphosa;
- tachypnea.
Emva kwexesha, intlungu esifuba isomeleza kwaye ifana ne-infarction syndrome. Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, ukukhwehlela kuya kwandisa i-sputum enegazi. Ukuba awuqali ukwelashwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo le fomu yesifo, oku kungakhokelela ekufeni. Ipesenti yokufa kwiifom ephakamileyo yepmonta okanye ngokungabikho kwonyango kuya kuma 90%.
I-intestinal ifom ye-anthrax
I-Symptomatology, ephawulwe kwintlobo ye-intestinal yesifo, ingahluka kakhulu kwaye yingozi. Inkambo yokungahambi kwesi sifo ikhokelela kwifom ehoywa, edla ngokuphelelwa lusizi. Kule fom kudla ngokuchaphazeleka yi-mucosa ye-intlesine kuphela, izilonda ziyakubonwa kwi-esisopha nasemathunjini amancinci. Iimpawu eziphambili zefestile zamathambo zi:
- ukwandisa intlungu kwisisu;
- ukuhlanza nokurhuda ngegazi;
- isisongelo kunye nomkhuhlane;
- ukuphelelwa kwesidlo;
- kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4 (emva kokuba i-spores yesilonda saseSiberia itshaye i-mucosa), i-ascites ingahlakulela;
- ukutshitshiswa kobuso;
- Ukufa kungenzeka iintsuku ezingama-2-5 emva kokuqala kweempawu.
Ifom ye-Septic ye-anthrax
Izifo I-Anthrax inezinye iifom-septic. Le fom yesibini (ibhetri ye-anthrax yimbangela yesifo kwezinye iifom) kwaye iguqulwa ukusuka kumathumbu emathunjini kunye ne-pulmonary, kaninzi kakhulu Iimpawu eziphambili zefom ye-septic:
- zikhuni;
- izitulo ezilahlayo;
- ukwanda okukhulu kwiqondo lokushisa komzimba;
- i-tachypnea nentlungu yesifuba;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- isicupunu esinokuhlanza;
- ukubonakala ngexesha lokukhwehlela.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-anthrax
Iingxaki ze-Anthrax zonke ziyakwazi ukunyanga, kwangoko kwavezwa. Ukuxilongwa kwebhubhanethi ye-anthrax kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi, nganye ezalisekisa ulwazi olufunyenweyo ngoncedo lwezifundo ezithile.
- Indlela yeBacteriological. Khetha imidiya ekhethekileyo yokuhlwayela kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa zichonga ikoloni esanda kufumanisa yebhaktheriya.
- Ikhumba kunye novavanyo lwezilwanyana. Kule ndlela yophando, i-anthracin (i-antigen) ifakwe kwilusu. Uvavanyo oluntle lubonisa ubukho emzimbeni womzimba we-antibodies kwi-pathogen.
- Indlela yeBilo. Bachaphazela izilwanyana zasebhoratri kwaye, emva kokufa kwabo, bahlula baze bachonge i-pathogen eyabangela isifo nokufa.
- I-Microscopy yezinto zokuzalwa. Ukusuka kwi-vesicles kunye nezilonda ezinqamlekileyo zithatha kwaye zigcine izinto phantsi kwe-microscope. Ukuba i-anthrax ikhona, ibhaktheriya yayo eneentonga iya kubonakala ngokucacileyo.
I-Anthrax kwonyango lomntu
Ukuba "i-Anthrax" ifumaneka, unyango lufanele luqale ngaphandle kokulibaziseka, okubhekiselele kulo, ngokoqobo, lungafa ngokufanayo. Unyango luqhutyelwa kuphela esibhedlele ngoncedo lwonyango olunzima.
- i-etiotropic (i-penicillin);
- Immunological (ukufakwa kwe-serum);
- i-pathogenetic (injongo kukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa, ukuvuvukala nokuphuculwa kwe-coagulability yegazi).
Ngoku kukhuthazwa oku:
- Ukuqaliswa kwe-STI immunoglobulin (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu belizwe ukususela kuma-20 ukuya kuma-80 ml).
- Ngefom ye-dermal, ukugqoka kwe-aseptic kuye kwabonakala kukuhle kakhulu, kuba ukungenelela okucwangcisiweyo kule fomu akuqhutyelwa ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba isikhumba sibe sesisonke.
- Iingcali zithetha nangona mfuneko yokuchithwa kwe-detoxification ngokusungulwa kweengxube ze-crystalloid kunye ne-colloidal apho iPrednisolone yongezwa khona. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-diuresis ephoqelelweyo yenziwa (indlela yokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-urine evela emzimbeni inomthelela ekukhutshweni kweetekisi kunye neminye imikhiqizo engaphephile yobomi, izifo-mzimba, kuquka).
Anthrax - antibiotics
Ukwelashwa kwe-Etiotropic yesifo yi-penicillin antibiotics kwi-anthrax, echaphazela ngempumelelo i-anthracis B. Njengomthetho, phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezichongiweyo:
- I-Penicillin (i-intramuscularly kwiintsuku eziyi-7-8 kwimizuzu yesigidi se-12-24 yezigidi);
- I-Doxycycline (ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo);
- Levofloxacin (500 mg kanye ngosuku);
- I-Ciprofloxacin kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu (kabini ngosuku nge-400 mg).
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, unyango lwe-antibiotic lulawulwa nge-intravenously kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kubantu abaye badibana nalabo abagulayo ne-anthrax, kufuneka ukuba banikeze ikhosi yeenyanga ezimbini zokunyanga ngomlomo. Phakathi kwee-antibiotics apho iBillillus anthracis ibonakala iyayikhathalela, oku kulandelayo (ngaphandle kwale nto ikhankanywe ngaphambili) ingaqatshelwa:
- Gatifloxacin;
- Chloramphenicol;
- Amoxicillin ;
- Ampicillin.
I-Serum malunga ne-anthrax
I-Antisibiotic immunoglobulin ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezinonophelo zokwelapha kwi-anthrax yaseSiberia. Iqulethe iintsholongwane eziyimfuneko ekulawuleni i-bacilli, ine-action antibacterial kwaye iyancedisa kakuhle isenzo se-anthrax toxin. Kuza kube namhlanje, i-Antisiberian immunoglobulin yise serum esebenzayo.
Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-serum, iisampula ezizodwa zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokubaluleka komntu kwiiprotheni ze-serum (ngokulawulwa kwe-intradermal kunye nokuphendula okulandelayo). I-Serum ayifakwanga ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngeyure - kunye nexesha elingaphaya kwemizuzu engama-15 (2-3 amaxesha) nge-intramuscularly. Emva koko, isiguli kufuneka sibe phantsi kweliso lweengcali ngexesha elininzi.
Ukuthintela iAnthrax
Njengoko kuyaziwa, isilonda saseSiberia sisifo esinjengomzimba womntu ngendlela ye-bacillus ye-anthrax, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela, ngokukodwa, kwiqela leengozi. Amanyathelo okukhusela ayenziwa ngamagqabantshintshi kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kuyo:
- ingxelo yeendawo apho iziganeko zezi zifo zibonwa khona;
- lawula iinkomo zezilwanyana kunye nemeko yazo;
- ukugonywa kwezilwanyana ezinokuba ngabathwali bezonyango;
- lawula amahlathi kunye nemfuyo eyahlukeneyo.
Ukuba sithetha ngamanyathelo okukhusela, aqhutywe ngqo kwiqhambuka, zilandelayo:
- Ukubhedleleka isigulane esinokubethwa kwe-anthrax. Ukuqwalaselwa kwesi sigulane kwaye unyango lwakhe lwenziwa liqela elikhethekileyo loogqirha.
- Izigulane zikhutshwa kuphela emva kokubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo.
- Izidumbu zabantu abafa nge-Anthrax abavuli abantu. Kwiimeko ezizodwa, inkqubo yenziwa ngugqirha wekhanda, ilandelwa ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo kwegumbi.
Inoculation kwi-anthrax
Isitofu sokukhusela i-Anthrax sisebenza kwiimeko apho umntu unxulumana ngokusondeleyo kunye nezilwanyana ixesha elide ngenxa yomsebenzi wobugcisa, osebenza kwindawo yokuxhela, adibanisa nezinto ezibonakalayo ezivela kwimfuyo. Kuqela labantu abonakaliswe isitofu sokukhusela i-anthrax, baquka abo baqhagamshelana nezixhobo ezingcolileyo. Ukugonywa kwenziwa kwishedyuli.
Ukungqinelana nokugonya kubandakanya:
- yonyango;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezingezangezisetyenziswe kwifom elula;
- izifo zegazi ezibi;
- izifo ze-endocrine;
- kwamkela i-glucocorticosteroids;
- izifo eziphindaphindiweyo zesikhumba kunye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo;
- ukukhulelwa kunye nexesha lokuhlamba;
- uneminyaka eyi-14.