Yintoni i-autism, yintoni imiqondiso yabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abahluphekileyo kwesi sifo, isifo esiphathwayo - imibuzo echaphazela inani elikhulu labantu abaye bafumana le ngxaki kunye nabathandekayo babo. Ingqiqo ye-autism yintuthuzelo ebuthakathaka yilabo abanqwenela ukubona umntwana wabo oqhelekileyo kunye novuyo.
Autism - yintoni na?
Yiyiphi i-autism kwaye kutheni inani elizalwe ngolu hlobo kunyaka lwakutsha lwandise amashumi amaxesha - ezi zifundo zibandakanya kwi-biology kunye ne-genetics. Kukhona imibuzo engaphezulu kuneempendulo. I-Autism yintlupheko yezinto eziphilayo ezihambelana neziganeko zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngexesha le-intrauterine. Ebomi kukho ukuphulwa kwenani ekusebenzisaneni kwezentlalo, ukulungelelaniswa nokubhaptizwa kwe-autist kuye.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-syndrome kunye ne-autism?
Autism - yintoni esi sifo kwaye ihlobene njani ne-Down's syndrome? Abanye bakholelwa ukuba oku kufanayo. Abantwana-daunyata bahlala benentlalontle, kodwa kwi-10% yamatyala baba yi-autistic. Ukwahlukana kwe-Down syndrome evela ku-autism:
- I-Down syndrome sisifo esibalulekileyo sesifo se-trisomy 21 ezimbini ze-chromosomes, ezingamelanga ezimbini kodwa i-chromosomes ezintathu. I-Autism - ukuphulwa kophuhliso lwezakhiwo zobuchopho.
- I-Down's syndrome inempawu ezahlukileyo ekubonakaleni, ngenxa yoko, abantwana abanesifo bajonga efanayo (iipumphu elincinci elincinane, inkophelo yesithathu, umlomo ovulekileyo, ubuso obunzima). Abagunyazi banokukrokrelwa ukuphulwa kokuziphatha.
- Abantwana abane-Down's syndrome banesifo sengqondo sokugula ngengqondo. Phakathi kwe-autistics, baninzi abantu abanetalente abanezakhono ezikhethekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangelwa zizifo ezidibeneyo, ukunyanzeleka kwezingane, iindlela ezinzima ze-autism.
Izizathu ze-Autism
I-autism okanye i-disorder disorder, i-genetics ayiniki inkcazelo echanileyo yoko kutheni isifo sifana phakathi kwabaphandi ngaphezu kokungqubana, kodwa kukho izizathu eziqhelekileyo kunye neziganeko eziphambili zokuphuhliswa kwesifo:
- ukuphambuka ekuphuhliseni kwengqondo kwixesha langaphakathi;
- ukudluliselwa kwefa;
- ukuphulwa kweenkqubo zeempawu;
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zomama (i-toxoplasmosis, i-rubella) ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
- izitofu zokugonya (awuqinisekanga).
Izimpawu ze-Autism
Yintoni i-autism kwaye ibonakala njani? Ngokucacileyo i-autism ikhangele ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuqwalaselwa ngokucophelela kunye noviwo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ze-autism zibonakaliso ezingekho ngqo malunga nezinye izifo okanye izifo eziphilayo, ezifana ne-schizophrenia, i- Down syndrome , i-stpiley and schizotypic disorder.
Autism kubantu abadala - iimpawu
Ummeli ngumntu ojolise kwizinto ezincinci zabantu abaqhelekileyo. I-Autism kubantu abadala ibonakalisa ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwiinkqubo zokuqhagamshelana, kwi-dementia. Yintoni umntu omdala onokuthi akrokrwe ngesiseko salo:
- ukwandiswa kwemvakalelo;
- ukulungelelaniswa kakubi kuluntu kunye nokuzimelela ubomi;
- ukugcina ngokucophelela imigaqo kunye nemikhuba eyenziwe ngabo;
- ukuvalelwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kudibaniswe namakhono akwaziyo.
Iimpawu ezinzima ze-autistic disorder:
- ukungonakali kwezentlalo;
- ukungakwazi ukuqonda izakhono zokuqala zenkonzo;
- ngqondweni.
Autism kubantwana - iimpawu
Umntwana ogunyaziwe ngumntu ozibhaptiza kwilizwe lakhe. Ubuntu ngamnye bunempawu ezizodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa kwesifo se-autistic ngabanye, kodwa kukho izibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo:
- ukususela ekusaneni, ukungabi nothando kumama;
- Ukuqhagamshelana okubonwayo akuxhaswanga;
- Abantwana baqala ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kunye ncinane;
- echolalia;
- ukhetha ukudlala ngezinto ezingavamile okanye ngesitokethi esisodwa;
- ukwesaba okukhulu.
Xa uneminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwe-10, ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso:
- Intetho iqulethwe ngamaqhekeza amabinzana avela kubantu abadala, kwiinkqubo zethelevishini kunye nomsakazo;
- Ukutshintsha kweengubo, ukuguqulwa kwendlela okanye imeko kwiziko kubangela ukuxhalaba kunamandla;
- Umntwana ubonakaliswa ngamaqhinga.
Ukususela ebusheni, ukuba umntwana uhlalisana, oku kulandelayo kunokuhlala kuzinzile:
- umnqweno wokuhlala wedwa;
- uluhlu olunomncinci lwemfuno;
- yokuziphatha;
- ukuqubuka kwamaxesha amaninzi.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa i-autism?
Ingaba i-autism iyaphathwa yinkalo ebalulekileyo yabazali abanokuxilongwa kwabantwana kuye kwaqinisekiswa ngophando kunye nokuxilongwa. Ngelishwa - ayiphathwa, kodwa oku akufanele kube isizathu sokuphelelwa lithemba. Yonke imisebenzi ephambili yokuphucula imeko kunye nentlalo yomntwana iwela kumahlombe kwabazali. Ukususela kwizenzo zabo: landela iziphakamiso zogqirha, uthando, umonde kunye nobubele kuxhomekeke ekuphuhlisweni komntu ngamnye we-autistic.
Unyango lwe-Autism
Ulwaphulo lwe-autistics lwenziwe ngokuxhomekeka kobunzima bekhosi. Ifom ye-autism ilungiswe ngokuncediswa ngophuhliso lwe-psychotherapy kunye neenkqubo zentlalo. Ukuphumelela, ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zonyango (i-hippotherapy, unyango lwamahlengethwa) - ukuxhamla nge-autistic kunye nezilwanyana kubangela ukuzinza kwe-psyche. Kwiindlela ezinzima ze-autism, ezihamba neengxaki ezinzulu, unyango olusetyenziswayo.
U unyango lwe-autism
Unyango oluthile lwe-autism alukho, kukho kuphela uphawu, olujolise ekupheliseni iimpawu. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngamachiza:
- Haloperidol (neuroleptic). Iziphazamiso zokuziphatha eziphantsi kwamanqanaba, ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa komzimba kususa injabulo yemoto, ukuququzelela ukusebenzisana kwentlalo yomntwana.
- Amalungiselelo e-Lithium akhupha ukuhlaselwa komsindo kunye nokuziphatha okubi.
- I-Fluoxamine, i-fluoxetine (i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors)-isetyenziselwa kwi-autistic states depressive states and stereotypes.
Ukunyangwa kwe-autism nge-homeopathy akuxilwanga, kodwa njengesixhobo esincedisayo sisebenzise ngempumelelo. Ukulungiselelwa kwe-homeopathy kunyango lwe-autism:
- Baryta carbonica (Barite carbonica)
- Hellidonium (chelidonium).
I-Autism - unyango kunye nezilwanyana zomntu
Ukuxilongwa kwe-autism yimbopheleleko enzulu, ukulala emagxeni abo bathandekayo, kunye nokuzinyango akuvumelekanga apha. Iyeza lemveli lingaba ukongeza kwonyango olusisiseko oluqeshwe yingcali. Unyango kunye nemifuno ukuzinzisa isimo sengqondo sengqondo, ngenxa yoko, i-herbal infusions isetyenziswa:
- umama;
- valerian;
- sikshi Siberia;
- iqhosha.
Ukutya kwi-Autism
Isifo se-autism siyisifo esingengqondo kuphela, kodwa kunye neenkqubo zokuxilonga. Ababelethi be-autistic baqaphele ukuba abantwana babo abazinyamezeli iintlobo ezithile zokutya, kwaye xa ukutya okunjengokutya, i-soy, ubisi beenkomo bekungabandakanywa ekutya-abantwana baziva bebhetele kwaye bahlengahlengiswa ngakumbi kwimeko. Oku kwakhokelela kwingcamango yokudala ukondla okhethekileyo ukunyanga kweengxaki ze-autistic, ngenxa yale nto, ezi zilandelayo zimele zifakwe ngaphandle kokutya:
- i-casein (efunyenwe kuyo yonke imveliso yobisi yeemvelaphi zezilwanyana);
- gluten (iprotheni ekhoyo kwizityalo zengqolowa, i-rye, i-oats kunye nebhali);
- i-aspartame (i-sweetener ingumsebenzi esetyenziswa ekubhaka, iziphuzo ze-carbonated, chewing gum);
- i-glutamate sodium (eyongeziweyo, ukuphucula umonakalo wemveliso, eyongeziweyo).
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zicetyiswa:
- iimbotyi (ubhontshisi, iipasta, i-chickpeas, iilentils);
- Izityalo ezingenayo i-gluten (i-buckwheat, i-millet, i-corn, i-amaranth);
- inyama ephantsi;
- iintlobo zemifuno, iziqhamo;
- intlanzi;
- ubisi lwe-soy.
Imifanekiso yefilimu malunga ne-autistics
Abaninzi bamabhayisikobho abanetalente bavame ukuphakamisa umxholo wabantu abakhethekileyo kwimifanekiso yabo. Yiyiphi i-autist kwaye yiyiphi into ekhethekileyo ebalulekileyo kubantu abanjalo, unokufumanisa ngokubukela ifilimu ezilandelayo:
- "Ukunyuka kweMercury / Mercury Rising . " Umxhwele waseMelika ngowama-1998 kunye noB. Willis kwindlalifa yomqeshwa we-FBI, okhusela inkwenkwe kaSimon, owathi wambonisa ikhowudi entsha yemfihlo yenkqubo kaRhulumente "iMercury". USimon uneminyaka engama-9 ubudala kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kunye namanani kunye nezixhobo ezingabonakali naluphi na ubunzima kuye, ungumongameli-autist oye wangena phantsi kweenkonzo ezizodwa.
- "Igama lam nguKhan. " Ifilimu ibhekisela kwiziganeko zango-2011, xa iingqondo zabantu baseMuslim ziba ngumthombo weentlekele kunye noyiko. UMirzvan Khan ungumSilamsi ohluphekileyo uhlobo oluthile lwe-autism asperger syndrome luye lwafakazela ukuba phakathi kolunye uhlanga kunye nenkolo kukho abantu abalungileyo nabanobubele.
- Imvula yoMntu . UDustin Hoffman njengendoda-savant (i-autist enobuchule be-genius) kunye nenkumbulo emangalisayo kunye nokukwazi kwimigqalwa embalwa ukuvelisa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zeemathematika, ngelixa lihlala kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa umntwana omncinci. Uloyiko lokubhabha ngeenqwelo zomoya, kuba ukhumbula inqwaba yabantu ababulewe kwi-plane crash.
- "UMkhulukazi weNdlu . " Ifilimu yayisekelwe kwi-biography ye-biology eyaziwayo ye-biology nomlobi ochasene nokuxilongwa "autism", yafunyanwa ngempumelelo kuluntu.
- UAdam / uAdam . Ifilimu malunga nobunzima bokuhlalisana nabantu abaneengxaki ze-autistic kunye nokubaluleka kokufumana umsebenzi wabo.
Eziziwayo
Ifomu elula yeengxaki ze-autistic "inika" umntu onobuchule kunoma yiphina indawo. UBen Affleck umgcini-mali we-autistic kwifilimu ethi "Payback" yadlala i-accountant yobuhlakani obuhlakani. Ubomi bwenene, kwenzeka ngokwenene ukuba uluntu, ukuba lunqatshelwe, luvuza umntu ngamanye amakhono kunye neetalente. Ukuxhasa eli qiniso, kukho abantu abaye banika ihlabathi ezininzi izinto ezifumeneyo kunye nezinto eziqulunqwayo. Abantu abaziwayo abane-autism:
- ULeonardo da Vinci . Inqweno yomculi kunye nomqambi ukufezekiswa nokulungiswa ngokweqile kwiinkcukacha ezincinci (iminomo kaM Mona Lisa yabhalwa yintsimi iminyaka eyi-12) ibonisa umntu ophetheyo.
- Kim Peak . Umboniso wenene weqhawe le-movie "Umntu Wemvula." UKim wazalwa eneentsholongwane ezininzi zeengqondo. Ekuhambeni kwaloo nto le nkwenkwe inememori ebalulekileyo kwaye ikhumbula ukuya kwi-98% yolwazi olufundwayo okanye olubonwayo.
- Grand Grandin . Ukuhamba ngaphaya kobuninzi be-diagnostic, lo wesayensi onetalente uye wenza iiprojekthi ezininzi zentlalo kwaye uxela malunga namava akhe angaphakathi ahlobene neengxaki ze-autistic. Uqulunqile oko kuthiwa "ukumbumbisa" umatshini, ukuzolalisa ababhali ngeentlanzi.
- Lionel Messi . Umdlali odumileyo "weBrazil" kwaye ngokubhekiselele kubagxeki umdlali webhola welibhola emhlabeni jikelele uL. Messi ungumbhali, ongamthinteli ekubeni ngumsebenzi kwishishini lakhe.
- UDonna Williams . Yintoni umntwana we-autism, umculi onetalente kunye nomlobi wase-Australia othengayo kakhulu uyazi. Njengomntwana, uDonna wayengenasithulu aze aphethwe ngqondweni aze afunyanwe ukuba ene-autism.