Uvavanyo lweMantoux lubhekisela kwiimvavanyo zelabhoratri zokuhlola. Yenziwa kubantwana ngenjongo yokukhusela kunye nokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwesifo sofuba . Makhe siqwalasele ngokungakumbi iinkqubo, iimpawu ezizodwa zokuqhuba kwayo, kwaye sihlale ekuhlaleni kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesampula seMantoux
Ukubunjwa kwesampuli ye-tuberculin kunzima. Isiseko seziyobisi yi-tuberculin. Yenziwe ngomxube wenkcubeko ye-mycobacteria yesilwanyana somntu kunye nesifuba. Ngaphambi kokuqala, azinakwenziwa ngexesha lokunyanga, aze ahlanjululwe yi-ultraviolet kwaye anxweme ne-trichloroacetic acid. Isigaba sokugqibela sokulungiselela yonyango lomxube nge-ethyl yotywala kunye ne-ether. Ezi zixhobo zidlala indima yokulondoloza.
Ukongeza kwi-base yangoku, i-tuberculin, uvavanyo lweMantoux luqulethe:
- isalts of phosphates;
- i-chloride ye-sodium;
- phenol;
- ukuzinzisa "iTwin-80".
Uvavanyo lweMantoux - nini?
Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba le sampulu ibonisa impendulo ekungenisweni kwe-tuberculin emzimbeni. Kwiziko lokungenwa kwegazi, kugxininiswe ukugxilwa okuncinci. Ngokukhawuleza ubukhulu bayo buvavanywa emva kwenkqubo. Uvavanyo lokuqala lweMantoux lwenziwa emva kweenyanga ezili-12 emva kokuzalwa kweemvumba. Ukuvavanywa kwangaphambili, kwiinyanga ezi-2, kuvunyelwe xa ukugonywa kwe-BCG engenziwanga esibhedlele.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuzalwa okunzima, iimeko zokukhulelwa azivumeli ukufakwa kwesigontsho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, phambi kokuqulunqwa kwe-BCG, uvavanyo lwe-tuberculin luyenziwa okokuqala, iMantoux. Ikuvumela ukuba ungabandakanyi usulelo lomntwana ngentonga kaKoch. Emva koko, isifundo senziwa rhoqo ngonyaka, 1 ixesha. Ukuba iimpendulo zokusasazwa kwe-tuberculin zanda, abazali bomntwana okanye abathandekayo bakhe abathintana naye, bafumanisa intonga kaKoch , isampuli iqhutyelwa amaxesha amathathu ngonyaka.
Uvavanyo lweMantoux uvavanyo
Isirinji ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza lo vavanyo. Isilwayo singeniswe ngaphakathi kwe-intradermally, ibe kwisithathu esiphakathi sendawo yangaphakathi ye-forearm. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili akudingeki, kuyenziwa nanini na. Oogqirha bayazisa abazali kwangaphambili ukuba umntwana uya kuvavanywa iMantoux, i-algorithm yayo ilandelayo:
- Uboya bepotton obonwe kwi-antiseptic ephethe indawo yolawulo.
- Inaliti iphendukile phezulu, isikhumba solule kancane.
- Ingxowa yentsalane ifakwe ngokupheleleyo elukhumbeni, iphakamisa kancane phezulu ize injecting the drug.
- Emva koko, ukuvuvukala okuncinci kwakha, eyaphela emva kwemizuzu embalwa.
- Umthamo weziyobisi kwisampuli yaseMantoux ngowesi-2 TE (iiyunithi zesifo sofuba), ezifumaneka kwi-0.1 ml.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lweMantoux
Emva kokuba uvavanyo lweMantoux lwenziwa, umphumo uphononongwa emva kweeyure ezingama-72. Kwisiza sokungenwa, i-papule yenziwe. Ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu bayo bubaluleka bokuxilonga. Ngaphandle, lo mgangatho ujikeleze, uphakamise ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Yisiphumo sokuzaliswa kwesikhumba kunye ne-lymphocytes enesistim.
Ngoxinzelelo oluncinci kwi-papule, ithola indawo epholileyo. Ubukhulu besampula bahlolwa ngokusebenzisa umlawuli obala, ngokukhanyisa kakuhle. Ifakwe kwi-forearm. Ngokwenza njalo, balala ubungakanani besetywina ngokwawo, ungabandakanyi i-bezel ebomvu. Ingumphumo wokusabela komzimba ekufakweni kwe-pathogen, iyinto evamile. Emva kokuba uvavanyo lweMantoux lwenziwa, uvavanyo lokuphumela kubantwana luqhutyelwa kuphela yinkwenkwezi yabantwana.
Vavanyo lweNigative Mantoux
Xa uvavanyo lovavanyo lweMantoux lwenziwa, oogqirha abayibhalise umphumo ongekho. Oku kuthethi ukuba ubukhulu beepule abuyi ngaphezu kwe-1 mm okanye abukho ngokupheleleyo. Ubonisa ukuba i-agent engabangela ukungena engangeni emzimbeni ngaphambili okanye isifo senzeke kwiiveki ezili-10 ezedlulileyo, kungekho. Esi siphumo singabonisa ukungabikho kokugonywa kwe-BCG kwisibhedlele sokubeleka.
Vavanyo lweMantoux
Uvavanyo lweMantoux, oluqhelekileyo oluchazwe ngezantsi, lunokuthi lube nesiphumo esibuhlungu. Oku kuthethwa kwidesayizi yompapa we-2-4 mm. Kwakhona, ngokuphendula okunjalo, kubomvu kuphela. Le nxalenye yokugqibela iyenzeka xa isayithi ye-injection idibanisa namanzi. Umphumo ongathandabuzekiyo ufuna ukuxilongwa kwakhona ngexesha elifutshane, ngenxa yeziphumo ezichanekileyo.
Vavanyo lweMantoux
Uvavanyo lwe-tuberculin lubonwa njengento efanelekileyo xa ubukhulu bezotyikiti buyi-5-16 mm. Esi siphumo sibonisa ubukho bokuzikhusela okukhuselekileyo kwi-agent ye-tuberculosis. Ukutshintsha le mpendulo kuyakunceda ukuba ngaba umntwana usulelekile. Ukongezelela, umphumo omuhle ubonakala kubantwana abaye bachithwa nge-BCG. Ezi zilandelayo zilandelayo zilandelayo:
- buthathaka-ngaphezulu kwama-5 mm;
- ubukhulu obuphakathi - 10-14 mm;
- - 15-16 mm.
Ukusabela kokuqala okulungileyo kwi-tuberculin kunokubonisa intsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, eso sizathu asisetyenziswanga ukuxilonga - kufuna ukubonwa nokuphindaphinda kwesampuli ngexesha elifutshane. Kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, uvavanyo oluhle lweMantoux lunokuthathwa njengoluhlobo lwezilwanyana ezinobungozi, olufuna ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo.
Ukuxilongwa "kokujika kwe-tuberculin test" - yintoni na?
Igama elithi "ukujika kwe-tuberculin test" lisetyenziswe ukukhetha imeko apho umphumo ongeyiphumo wesifundo uphendukela. Kule meko, izibonakaliso ezilandelayo, iimpawu ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ziyahluka:
- ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwanikezela umphumo ongenakwenzeka okanye ontle;
- ubungakanani be-post-injection papule benyuke ukuya kuma-17-20 mm;
- Ubungakanani bepuli kunye nesampula esilandelayo mkhulu kunelo elidlulileyo li-6 mm.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isampuli ngokwayo ayikuvumeli ukuba wenze izigqibo malunga nezifo ezidlulisiweyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukwanda kwesikhokhelo esakhiwe kwisiza sokungenwa ngumphumo wesiphumo esiphezulu. Ukukhuphela ukuhluka kosulelo, oogqirha benza ukuxilongwa okongeziweyo emva kwexesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukugoba kovavanyo lwe-tuberculin kubantwana kubonisa imbali yesifo sofuba kunyaka owedlule.
Iingxaki zesifo se-tuberculin
Uvavanyo lwe-tuberculin lweMantoux yinkqubo apho iiseli ezibuthathaka ze-pathogen zifakwa emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, iingxaki zinokwenzeka. Isiphumo esivamekileyo sokusungulwa kwe-tuberculin kubantwana kuyindlela yokuphendula. Phakathi kwezinye iziphumo eziyimpembelelo, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
- ukushisa komzimba;
- ukuphosa;
- ukubonakala kwesidlova;
- isicefe
- ukuhlanza;
- kubetha kakhulu kwindawo yomjovo;
- ukuphulwa kwenkqubo yokuphefumla.
Uvavanyo lweMantoux - ukuchasene
Uvavanyo lweMantoux kubantu abadala aluqhutyelwa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqonda. Akunakwenzeka njalo kubantwana. Njengeyiphi na isilwanyana, i-tuberculin inezinqamaniso zokusetyenziswa. Ukuba zikhona, uphando luhlehlisiwe ngonaphakade. Uvavanyo lweMantoux alukhangeki xa:
- ubudala beminyaka engaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12;
- Izifo zesikhumba;
- ixesha le sifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuvela phi;
- ukufumana umntwana kwintsimi yokutyunjwa;
- iimpendulo ezithintekayo ;
- ukuhluthwa;
- emva kokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwakungaphantsi kweeveki ezine.
Eyona ndlela kwisampula seMantoux
Ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lweMantoux alusoloko lunokwenzeka, oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezizezinye zokuxilonga isifo sofuba. Phakathi kokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo:
- i-immunogram;
- Ityala likaSuslov.
Zombini iindlela zibandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yegazi elikhuphayo ukuhlolwa. Ngoko ke, xa uqhuba i-immunogram, oogqirha banquma ukuba zingaphi iiseli eziveliswayo ukulwa nesifo. Iziphumo zivavanya amandla omzimba ukuchasa i-pathogen. Ukungonakali kukuba akunakwenzeka ukuseka umfanekiso opheleleyo weemeko zentsholongwane, ukucacisa ubukho besifo ngexesha eli.
Uvavanyo lukaSuslov lusekelwe ekufundeni isampula yegazi apho i-tuberculin ifakwa khona. Emva kwexesha elithile, imeko yecala yegazi ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Le ndlela ayinayo i-100% ixabiso lokufundisa. Unceda oogqirha ukuba baqikelele ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaKoch. Ngenxa yoko, kwithuba lokuqala, uvavanyo lweMantoux lwenziwe ukuba luyakwazi ukubona eso sifo.