Zininzi iinkolelo zidibene nezityalo zangaphakathi. Umthi wemali uwaziwa ngale ndlela, ukunyamekelwa kwekhaya kulandelwa (ukuba ukholelwa impawu) kukuchaphazela ukuhlala kakuhle kwabanini: ujabule ngendlela ekhangela ubutyebi endlwini, kwaye ukukrakra kubangelwa ukuphuma kwezimali.
Imithi yemithi - ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Ummeli ocacileyo wezilwanyana ezinomdla, i-ovate ekhuniweyo (egunyazisiweyo lomthi wemali) evela kwimimandla eshushu kwaye eyomileyo: i-Afrika, i-Arabia kunye nesiqithi saseMadagascar. Ukusinda kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiindleko zobuncwane, ezigcinwe kumagqabi amanqabileyo. Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo umthi wemali awuyinkimbinkimbi: kubalulekile ukubonelela isityalo ngokuthambisa ngokukhawuleza, ukukhanya okungafaniyo kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwexesha elihlaziyiweyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo liya kuphendula ngokukhula okukhulayo kunye nokukhawuleza.
Unganisela njani umthi wemali?
Enye ye-pluses yowesifazane ogqityiweyo ungabandakanyeki kwixesha elifutshane lokomela. Ukungabi nako ukuthambisa ngexesha leenyanga akuyikufa, nangona kubonakala ngokukrakra. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa umthi wemali ekhaya kwenziwa kathathu ngeveki (ukwenzela ukuba umhlaba uhlale umanzi), kwaye ubusika kuncitshiswe ukuya kwii-2 ngeenyanga. Kubalulekile ukubandakanya ekunyamekeleni kwemithi yokuhlambela kwisitya, ekhupha amaqabunga othulini kunye nokunceda ukugcina umswakama obufunwa sisityalo.
Indlela yokunciphisa umthi wemali?
Indlu ayisoloko ilawula ukudala i-microclimate ekhululekile. Ngenxa yoko, isilwanyana singakwazi ukunweba phezulu. Ukuze kungangonakalisi umthi wemali, ukunakekelwa ekhaya kubandakanya ukubunjwa kwesithsaba. Ukuqhuba ukulungiswa komthi wemali kufuneka kube rhoqo, ukususela kunyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwezityalo. Kulo mgca ophezulu, bafumanisa baze batyelele ukukhula, basuse amaqabunga aphezulu. Oku kunika umququzelelo wokwakhiwa kwezihlumela ezintsha, eziyimfuneko, kufuneka ukuba zitshintshwe.
Indlela yokutshintsha umthi wemali?
Ukutshintshwa komthi weemali kuyimfuneko ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiminyaka emibini, kwaye abantu abadala kunye neikopi ezinzima ziguqulwa ukuba zizaliswe ngokukhawuleza kumbindi womxube omhlaba omtsha. Umntwana osemncinci uphuhliswa yindlela yokutshintshiselwa, ukuhamba ukusuka kwipumbi elidala ukuya kwelitsha kunye ne-clod yomhlaba. Kule meko, intamo yesityalo isale ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba, ngaphandle koko iya kudla kwaye ikhule kakuhle.
Xa kunesidingo esikhulu, umfazi onamafutha unokutshintshwa kuwo wonke unyaka, kodwa kuya kuba lula ukufumana uxinzelelo kwintwasahlobo. Uya kunceda ukuxhaswa obuthathaka emva kokufakelwa kwemithi yomninimzi ekhaya ngemithetho elandelayo:
- ukuthambisa xa kuyimfuneko;
- ukukhanya okungafaniyo;
- kucofa;
- akukho mijelo.
Luhlobo luni lomhlaba olufunekayo kumthi wemali?
I-Tolstyanika ayinyamezeli ukunyuka kwamanzi. Umhlaba ukwenzela ukuba umthi wemali kufuneka ukhululeke ngokukhawuleza (ulungelelaniswe emoyeni nasemanzini) kwaye unomsoco. Ukulungele ukulima ukutshala komhlaba, kodwa ungasebenzisa umhlaba wonke, usebenze kuwo ukuze unike ukukhanya kwintlanzana ecocekileyo. Unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo umhlaba usebenzisa iresiphi elandelayo:
- iphepha lomhlaba - iingxenye ezi-3;
- umhlaba we-turf-1 inxalenye;
- isanti - 1 inxalenye;
- Uthuli lomthi kunye nodongwe - ii-0.25.
Luhlobo luni lobumbi olufunekayo kumthi wemali?
Ukukhetha ibhokhwe yomthi wemali kufuneka kuthathe i ingqalelo kwiimpawu ze-morphology yayo: isistim somhlaba kunye nesithsaba esisasazekayo, esithwalwe ngamaqabunga amaninzi. Ikhonkco yokutyeba ioli kufuneka ithengwe ngokungafihliyo, ububanzi (ububanzi bebhokri edibeneyo kunye nobubanzi besithsaba) kwaye luzinzile. Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zivumele ukuphefumula iingcambu, kwaye ngezantsi zifunwa imingxuma yokucima amanzi angaphezulu. Inketho egqibeleleyo iya kuba kukutshala komthi wemali kwindawo ebanzi yeebumbi zobumba.
Indlela yokwandisa umthi wemali?
I-Tolstianka ibhekisela kwizityalo, ezinokunyuka ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu. Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuzala:
- Ukusika . Ngentwasahlobo, enye okanye amanqwanqwa amaninzi ama-10-15 cm ubude anqunywe kwisityalo sikamama, amacandelo afafazwe ngamalahle adibeneyo, amisiweyo amahora angama-24, aze agxothwe kwi-substrate enomanzi okanye afakwe kwisitya sokuhlambulula amanzi. Emva kokuvela kweengcambu (emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya ku-15), insima ityalwe kwipho
- Ukuveliswa komthi wemali kunye namacembe . Amanqatha amahlumelo ahluke ngokucacileyo kwisityalo somzali, zihlume kwisitya kunye namanzi ahlambulukileyo okanye i-substrate emanzi, ngokusika ukuya kwi-1/3. Ngethuba lokuqala amaqabunga agcinwa kwi-mini-greenhouse (ngaphantsi kweglasi yeglasi okanye kwisikhwama seplastiki), evulekileyo imihla ngemihla yokukhupha. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-7-10 iqabunga lithatha ingcambu kwaye litshintshelwe kwindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala.
- Indlela yeMbewu . Indlela enzima yokwandisa umthi wemali esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokukhetha ekhaya. Imbewu ihlwayelwa phezu komgca we-substrate ukusuka kumxube we-turf nesihlabathi, ehlanganiswe ngeglasi kwaye ifakwe kwi-penumbra de ukuhluma. Izityalo zixutywa kwi-gun spray, umoya wansuku zonke. Emva kokubonakala kwamagqabi amabini, ahlanjululwa kwiipateni ngamnye kwi-substrate equkethe, ngaphezu kwentlabathi kunye ne-turf emhlabathini, iqabunga.
Indlela yokwenza umthi wemali uqhakaze?
Ngaphandle kokujongana nokunyamekela ngononophelo ekhaya, umthi wemali awuhlali ujongene nabanikazi bawo ngeentyantyambo . Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba umthi wemali ungaqhakazi:
- Ubudala . Iimpawu ezinamafutha zingenakwenzeka ngaphambi komnyaka wesihlanu wobomi.
- Ibhothi ekhethiweyo . Kwi-flowerpot enkulu kakhulu, isityalo siphula izimpande, singayinaki inxalenye engentla. Kulapho, umthi wemali awuqali kuze kubekho iingcambu zaso zixakeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-clod yomhlaba.
- Ukuxilisa ngokweqile . Ngeemeko zobumanzi obushushu, umfazi onamafutha uqala "ukuthoba", ukukhulula amaqabunga amasha amaninzi. Ukuchukumisa izimbali kungadlulisela isityalo kwi "ration dry", okungukuthi, ukunciphisa inani lemvelo.
- Ukungabikho kwexesha lokuphumla. Ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya ku-Matshi, intombazana enamafutha kufuneka inikwe ukuphumla: ukuyibuyisela kwakhona kwindawo epholileyo (+ 10-12 ° C), ukunqunyelwa ukunkcenkceshela, kwaye ungabandakanyi ukutya kokondla.
Indlela yokuquba umthi wemali?
Ukunyamekela ekhaya akunakucingwa ngaphandle kokondla ngokukhawuleza - sisityalo esikhulu esidinga izondlo ezininzi ukwenza kunye nokugcina isithsaba. Iifomthi zomthi kufuneka ziqulethe:
- Potassium . Ngenxa yokusilela, iqabunga liwela kuqala, ukugqithisela kukutshabalalisa iingcambu.
- Phosphorus . Uxanduva lokukhula kwamazinga okuhluma, ubeka ngokuqhelekileyo iinkqubo zeempawu.
- ICalcium . Kubalulekile ukubunjwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamathambo esityalo, ukuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo kwamanzi kuwo.
Ungayisebenzisa njengezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa i-succulents (Lignohumate, humisol "GUMI", "Uniflor Cactus", "iGilia - isichumisi se-cacti", "Effetton DC"), kwaye ulungiselele umquba. Njengomthombo we-calcium, igobolondo yeqanda eliqhelekileyo elifanelekileyo lifanelekileyo. Ukunqongophala kwe-phosphorus kuya kwakha i-foliar top dressing kwi-phosphoric flour.
Isifo somthi wemali
Umthi wemali, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya okwenziwa ngokuhambelana nayo yonke imithetho ayiguli. Ukungabikho kokukhanya okufanelekileyo, ukuphulwa kolawulo lokusela, ukungabi naso umoya omtsha kunye nobunzima obuthuliweyo kumagqabi kubangela ukuba umthi wemali unqobe izifo kunye nezidalwa ezinambuzane:
- Isihlangu . Amagqabi ahlanganiswe ngamabhobho amaninzi kwaye aqala ukuwa.
- Spider mite . Uzinike isigubhu esincinci, ukufaka amaqabunga kunye ne-trunk yesityalo.
- Powdery mulberry . Kwisiseko samagqabi kubonakala iingubo ezimhlophe, ezifana noboya bekoton.
- Ukujikeleza kwe-trunk . I-trunk iyaba yinto epholileyo, iphunga elimnandi liyavela.
- Izifo zamagqabi. Amaflebhu avule okanye aphenduke, aphike aze awele.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane zisebenzisa i- insecticide ye- systemic ("Fitoverm", "Fufanon"), isisombululo esinamandla sosipho, ucuba kunye ne-garlic infusions. Ukunyamekela isityalo esibulalayo siqala ngokususa onke amaqabunga abonakalisiweyo, ukuziphatha kwamanzi inkqubo (isitya esifudumeleyo sokucoca uthuli) nokutshintsha kwindawo epholileyo kwaye epholile. Xa ujikeleza isiqu kunye / okanye iingcambu, ukutshintshwa okukhawulezayo kunokufuneka kwihlabathi elitsha.