Ekubeni iidiliya zityalo ezingapheliyo zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokubonakala kweentlobo ezintsha eziphuculweyo kwi-viticulture, inqubo efana nokuhlanganiswa kudlalwa rhoqo, kodwa kungekhona wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba kutheni, kwaye nini na ukutshala kakuhle iidiliya.
Iinjongo zokuxhoma:
- ukutshintshwa kweendidi;
- ukukhawuleza kokubuyiswa kwemifuma emva komonakalo;
- ukuvelisa;
- khusela i zi lwanyana .
Iintlobo (iindlela) zokuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukugonywa kwenziwa kwinqaba elidala lamagilebhisi (njengengcambu) kunye nokusika okuhlaza (njenge-scion). Olu qha ga mshelwano lubizwa ngokuba luhlaza (ngenxa yezinto ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo). Kukho ezinye iindidi zokuququzelela: sebenzisa izicucu eziluhlaza kumgangatho kunye nokuhlaziywa, kunye nesitokisi, okanye ngokulandelanayo - kodwa asebenzi ngaphantsi.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza kungenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- ukubola - xa kuhlanjwe kwisitampu se-5-7 cm kufakwa kwi-graft;
- kwi-cleavage - xa ukusikwa ngokugqithisileyo ingcambu ikwahlula phakathi kwaye i-1 okanye 2 i-cuttings ifakwe kuyo;
- ukudibanisa - xa ukutshiza okuluhlaza kungabandakanywanga kwiindawo ezihlambalayo zixhunyiwe kwaye zidibaniswe ngokuqinileyo;
- ukutshitshiswa - xa intso eyodwa kuphela ifakwe kwi-notch kwi-rootstock njenge-scion;
- ukukopisha - xa i-stem eluhlaza ifakwa kwi-shoot friday by cutting-cut and then joining them.
Kwakhona, kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho igcino ikhutshwa ngayo, ikwabiwa phantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba.
Ukugonywa kwanoma yimuphi uhlobo kubhetele kuyenziwa kwimozulu eshushu okanye kusasa kusasa, ukhetha inkqubo kuphela kwiminqununu enempilo kwaye igcinwe kakuhle emva kobusika.
Iidiliya zichithwe nini?
Ukugonya amagilebhisi phantse kulo nyaka, kuphela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo asetshenziswayo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo: ukukhupha, ukubola kunye nokuqhekeka, njengoko amahlumela ekhula kakuhle kwiimeko zokuphakama kwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe i-juices kwisityalo. Kungcono ukuchitha ngo-Matshi okanye sele sele ekupheleni kuka-Epreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwezidiliya ehlotyeni: i-oculization, njengangethuba le nkqubo zonke iinkqubo zobomi ziqhubeka ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye i-graft kunye neengcambu zicoceke kakuhle. Kodwa ungasebenzisa amahlumela ubuncinane obu-6 mm ububanzi. Kucetyiswa ukuba uchithe phakathi kokuqala kukaJuni naphakathi ko-Agasti.
- Iidiliya azivame ukuhlanganiswa ekwindla, kungcono ukusebenzisa le nkathi ukulungiselela izicucu eziluhlaza. Ekwindla, kuphela ukugonywa ngaphantsi komhlaba kungenziwa kwi-root stem, njengoko kuya kukhuselwa kwiqhwa lomhlaba.
- Ubusika (ukuluhlu lwetafile) weediliya: inokuthi iqhutywe kulo lonke ubusika, kodwa ukuze imbewu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kungahlanganisana ngaphambi kwemozulu efudumeleyo entwasahlobo, ngendlela yokuphucula ukuphucula (okokuthi, ukwenza i-oblique cut with tongue).
Ukunyamekela ukuhlanganiswa
Naliphi na indlela eya kugonywa ngayo, ngoko ifuna ukunakekelwa:
- Ukususa ngokusisigxina onke amahlumela kwisityalo (1 ixesha ngeveki), ide ikhule kakuhle. 2. Ukwandisa inzuzo, ukuze ingaphuli.
- Emva kwenyanga kunye nesiqingatha sokuxinwa kwamandla, kwaye iveki kamva isuswe ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuthatha unyango olukhuselekileyo lwezifo eziqhelekileyo.
- Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, susa phakathi kwamahlumela akhulayo, ukuze umdiliya oyintloko uphucuke.
- Ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukushisa kwezulu (ekupheleni kukaOktobha - ekuqaleni koNovemba), kufuneka kugonywe izitofu: uluhlu lwehlabathi okanye nayiphi na into ebonakalayo.
Ngokuncedwa kokugonywa, unako ukugcina ixesha ekulimeni ngokutsha, ukulungiswa kweentsike ezonakalisiweyo okanye ukufumana iintlobo ezintsha zeediliya kwintsimi yakho.