Ukutshala ngokuphumelelayo i-arborine kwizityalo kukuvumela ukuba ufumane izityalo eziqinileyo kunye ezinempilo zoluhlu olufunekayo, oluza kuthatha ngokukhawuleza lube nezimpande kwindawo evulekile kwaye luvelise isivuno esihle kakhulu. Umsebenzi wethu unako ukufezekisa ekhaya, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwayo kuyadingeka ukuba ubonise ingqalelo kwaye ufunde imigaqo ephambili yokunyamekela izityalo zezityalo zegadi.
Izityalo ezikhulayo
Kwintsapho ye-nightshade izitshalo zeqabunga zityalo zibhekwa njengezona zityalo ezininzi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuvela kweentlobo zanamhlanje, zaza zazaliswa kuphela kwimimandla esezantsi okanye zazisa iziqhamo ezilungiselelwe zivela ngaphandle. Abahlali bezityalo zehlobo bavelise iindlela eziphumelelayo zokufumana izityalo zabo ze-eggplants, ukukhula kwezityalo ezinempilo kule ndawo yesityalo esilungileyo kwakunjengoko kungabonakali.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-eggplant yokutshala kwiimbewu
Ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo imveliso yokutyala yomsebenzi, umgadi wezolimo uphucula izinga lokuhluma kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kweentlobo ngenxa yokusasazeka kwezifo zenyama. Ukungabikho kwemveliso - ukusetyenziswa kwembewu ebomvu okanye enemibala yemveliso engeniswe ngaphandle. Bahamba kuzo zonke izicwangciso zokulungiselela kwiifama ezizalisayo ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Gcwalisa ukusetyenziswa kwembewu ye-eggplant ngaphambi kokutyala kwiimbewu ezibandakanya ukugqoka kunye nezicombululo ze-disinfecting, ukugxuma ekukhuleni okukhulayo nokuhluma emva koko.
Izinketho zokucwangcisa iziqhamo:
- Ukufudumala imbewu phambi kokutyala kwiimbewu kumanzi afudumele (malunga ne-52 ° C), kwaye ubeke emanzini abandayo imizuzu emibini. Isigaba sokugqibela - ukugubungela usuku lwezinto eziphathekayo kwisisombululo se-0.01% se-potassium humate kwiqondo lokushisa.
- Indlela elula kunye nexabiso elincinci lokukhubaza izixhobo - ukubeka imbewu kwisisombululo se-1.5% se-potassium permanganate kwisigamu seyure, uze uwahluthe kakuhle emanzini afudumele.
- Ukutshala i-aubergine kwizilwanyana kunika iziphumo ezintle xa uqala ukugxotha izinto kwi-stimulator yokukhula. Ezi zilungiselelo ezilandelayo zifanelekileyo: "Baikal EM1", "Novosil", "Heteroauxin", "Ideal", isisombululo se-ash ash okanye i-nitrophosks.
Xa kuhlwayelwa i-arubergines kwiimbewu?
Ngokomyinge, ukulima kwezilwanyana ezinamandla zenkcubeko ye-nightshade kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-70 ukuya kwi-80. Ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala i-arborine kwiimbewu, kufuneka uqwalasele imozulu kwindawo yakho, iimpawu ze-varietal, ubukho kwintsimi yefrimu yokutshisa ifilimu okanye i-greenhouse. Ukuba isityalo siphuhliswa ebusika okanye ekuqaleni koMatshi, ngoko ke ngaphandle kokukhanyisa izibane ezibanezilwanyana ezingenakwenza. Ekukhanyeni okungahambi kakuhle, izityalo ezithintekayo, ezigulayo nezibuthathaka zikhula, zikwazi ukuvelisa izivuno ezilungileyo. Kungcono ukuhlaziya ixesha lokutshala ekupheleni kukaMatshi kunokutshabalalisa izityalo ezincinane.
Indlela yokutshala ngokufanelekileyo izityalo ze-eggplant seedlings?
Kulo msebenzi wokutyala ama-arubini kwiimbewu, ukulungiswa kakuhle komhlaba kunye nokukhethwa kwezimbizi zokukhula kwembewu kudlala indima enkulu. Ngenxa yolu njongo, kuyinqweneleka ukusebenzisa i-substrate yesondlo nge-asidi ye-6.0 pH ukuya kwi-pH 6.7. Xa sisebenzisa umhlaba wasemasimini, simele siwomeze umhlaba (kwi--15 ° C) okanye uyigwebe ehovini. Amafama amaninzi asebenzisa isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate okanye enye i-fungicide ngaphambi kokutshala ukutshatyalaliswa.
Izinketho zomhlaba zokutshala i-arubine kwiimbewu:
- 2 iinxalenye zomquba, 1 inxalenye ye-peat ephantsi, iindawo ezingama-0.5 ze-sawdust ezazisasazekayo kunye ne-disinfected.
- Iilitha ezili-10 zomhlaba ezivela kumyezo sithatha iikomityi ze-0.5 ze-ash ash, i-teaspoon yerea kunye ne-potassium sulfate, isipuni se-superphosphate.
- Sisebenzisa umhlaba we-sod, i-peat kunye nesihlabathi somlambo ngokulinganayo.
- Sithatha iindawo ezi-3 zomhlaba we-turf, amaqabunga omhlaba kunye ne-humus, uze ungeze i-part part perlite kwisitya kwaye udibanise yonke into kakuhle.
Ngakanani ubunzulu kufuneka sitshale i-eggplants for seedlings?
Umhlaba kufuneka uthululwe kwiibhoksi ezingabikho kwi-brim, ushiya amancenti ambalwa emacaleni ebhokisi. Usuku olungaphambi kokuhlwayela, sichitha umhlaba ngomsombululo we-manganese okanye ingcambu ye-fungicide. I-primer kufuneka imiswe kancane. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba, emva kokunyanzeliswa kwezandla, amanzi avela emhlabathini akasayi kuphinda aqhubeke, kodwa amaqabunga ayenziwe awanakucala. Ubunzulu obunzulu bokutyala kwembewu ye-eggplant kwi-seedlings yi-1-1.5 cm. Umgama phakathi kwemigqa ngu-3-4 cm. Ngomqolo, sibeka imbewu enye emva kwe-1.5 cm.
Ukunyamekela izityalo ze-eggplant ekhaya
Le nkcubeko kufuneka igcinwe elangeni okanye ngaphantsi kwezibane ezili-12 iiyure. Ngaphandle koko, iziqu ziyacuthwa, kwaye izityalo zihlala zigula. Emva kokuhluma, sigcina izinga lokushisa ukuya kwi-28 ° C. Ngokufika kwamahlumela okuqala, ifilimu isuswa kwiibhokisi. Ukunyamekelwa kwezilwanyana ze-eggplant emva kokuba amahlumela athile ahluke, iqondo lokushisa liyancitshiswa ngeveki kwimini ukuya kwi-16 ° C. Xa zonke izityalo zikhuphuka zize zomelele, unokuphakamisa ubushushu obushushu ngosuku olungama-26 ° C, kwiintsuku ezinamafu - ukuya kuma-20 ° C, ebusuku-malunga no-16 ° C.
Indlela yokutya izityalo ze-eggplant?
Ukuba i-substrate yesondlo ilungiswe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukucoca izityalo ze-eggplant ekhaya akudingi ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo ezizodwa. Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-ash ash okanye i-eggshell ecocekileyo. Ukubonakala kwamehlo aluhlaza kukubonisa ukutya okungenamsoco kwezityalo. Oku kukhokelela ekutyalweni kwe-arborine kwiimbewu kwihlabathi elihluphekileyo ngaphandle kwe-humus, kodwa ngexabiso elikhulu lehlabathi okanye i-peat.
Ukupheka ezilula zokutya izityalo ze-eggplant seedlings:
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-infusion ye-banana peel - uthele i-crusts 3 yeziqhamo 2 ilitha zamanzi abilayo kwaye uphakame kwiintsuku ezi-3.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu, nciphisa 30 g ye-nitrate ye-potassi kwibhakethi yamanzi.
- Nciphisa u-5 g we-saltpeter, 15 g we-superphosphate kunye no-10 g weetyuyamu ityuwa nganye kwibhakethi yamanzi.
- Sebenzisa ngokulandela imiyalelo eyenziwe yenziwe i-fertilizer enzima - "i-Kemira-Lux", "i-Bioton", "igadi ephilileyo" okanye iifom.
Kutheni i-seedplant izithombo ziwela?
Ngokuqhelekileyo abalimi abangenalwazi bajikeleza kwaye bawa phantsi kwee-seedplant seedlings, yintoni enokuyenza kulo mzekelo ukugcina izithombo ezincinci? Ezi ngxaki zibangelwa zizizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo-izifo, ukubonakala kweentlanzi, ukubunjwa komhlaba, ukuphulwa kolawulo lokushisa okanye ukutyiliswa okungalunganga. Kufuneka siqwalasele zonke iinketho ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha lokuhlangabezana nale ntlekele kwaye kuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ukufa kwamaqabunga, iipilisi okanye utamatisi kubangela umlenze omnyama -isifo esiyingozi esichaphazela ingcambu yeengcambu zehlumela elincinane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwenzeka kwinqanaba lama-2-3 amaphephancwadi. Ii-Pathogens zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nomswakama ophezulu kunye nokuhluma okutyunyiweyo. Izindlela ezisemgangathweni zokulwa nezifungulu eziyingozi zihluma imbewu kwi-manganese okanye ekukhuliseni amalungiselelo, unyango olukhuselekileyo lomhlaba ngeefungicides, ukubala okanye ukuthambisa umhlaba.
Izindlela zokurhoxisa umlenze omnyama:
- Ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane enkulu ngokukhawuleza ukulahla izityalo ezinempilo kwisitsha esitsha.
- Yongeza i-fungicides "Fitosporin", "Maxim" okanye iifane zayo kwietafile zokuthambisa.
- Iimpompo ze-Ventilate, ezifakwe ifilimu.
- Masisuse ngokukhawuleza izithombo ze-eggplant kunye nempawu zentsholongwane.
- Ukutshala i-arubine kwiimbewu kufuneka kuphuziswa ngokukhawuleza, ukuphepha ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa.
- Amanzi umhlaba osulelekileyo ngesityalo esinesisombululo esinamandla se-manganese okanye isisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux.
Ukukhetha isitshalo seqanda kwi-seedling
Iifowuni zenziwe xa kuvela amaqabunga angama-2. Izityalo ezigqithisileyo zijongene nale nkqubo kunzima kwaye zihlala zigula. Kucetyiswa ukutshala izityalo ezincinane kwiikomityi ezihlukeneyo kunye nobubanzi be-10 cm. Ukufezekisa lo msebenzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umgca wesondlo ngesondlo esifanayo njengokuhlwayela imbewu ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhetha i-eggplant kwiimbewu.
Sizame ukulimaza udongwe lobumba kunye neengcambu. Ukuququzelela ukukhutshwa kwee-eggplants ezincinci kwisitya, qalisa amanzi kumhlaba iiyure ezingama-2 phambi kokuqala kokukhethwa kwamatyala. Siyanciphisa izityalo kwii-cotyledons, zama ukulungisa izimpande kwaye ulungelelanise nomhlaba malunga nesityalo. Kubalulekile ukukhusela ii-eggplant emva kokutshala ilanga kunye neengqungquthela, sivuselela ukutshala emva kweveki ezimbini.
Indlela yokuhlwayela iifubini kwiimbewu ngaphandle kwekhefu?
Inkqubo yokucoca iyancipha ukukhula kwembewu ixesha elide kwaye ihlala iholele umonakalo kwiingcambu zesondlo. Ukuba unomlinganiselo omncinci wokutyala, ungabandakanyi kweli nqanaba. Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwiingcezu ezi-2-3 kwiikomityi okanye kwiikasetethi ezinkulu. Emva kokuba izithombo ze-eggplants, izithombo ezikhulile ngaphandle kokucoca zihlanjwe ngesandla ngokunyamekela nangokunyamekela kwezihlumela ezibuthathaka.