Iimeko ezinjalo zenkwenkwezi njengokwenyama kwelanga ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini babantu bonke. Kwaye kwimithombo yamandulo, abantu bayichaza, kwaye namhlanje ubuncinane kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka kuMhlaba wonke unokubona ukukhawuleza okanye okuphelileyo. I-Eclipses iqhubeka rhoqo, amaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka, kwaye kwanemihla elandelelweyo elandelayo iyaziwa.
Yintoni ukuphela kwelanga?
Izinto ezikwindawo yangaphandle zihlelwe ngendlela enokuba isithunzi somntu sinokupheka esinye. Inyanga ivuselela ukuphela kwelanga xa ivala idiski yomlilo. Kule ngongoma, iplanethi iya kukhanya kakhulu kwaye ibonakale imnyama, njengokungathi ukuhlwa kusile. Izilwanyana kunye neentaka ziloyiko kwiimeko ezinokungaqondakali, izityalo zicima amahlamvu. Kwaye abantu basebenziselwa ukuphatha amahlaya anjengeenkwenkwezi ezinjengeenkwenkwezi ezininzi, kodwa ngokuphuhliswa kwesayensi yonke into yavela.
Ukupheka kwelanga kwenzeka njani?
Inyanga kunye nelanga zihamba kwimimandla eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu, ngoko ke abantu babonakala befana nobukhulu obufanayo. Ngenyanga entsha, xa iinjongo zombini zombini i-cosmic idibanisa kwelinye iphuzu, i-satellite ivala i-luminari kumbukeli womhlaba. Ukuphela kwelanga kuyimeko eqaqambileyo nekhunjulwayo yeenkwenkwezi, nangona kunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuyizonwabisa ngokubanzi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Ibhendi ye-dimming ayinabanzi ngamazinga omhlaba, angabi ngaphezu kwama-200-270 km.
- Ngenxa yokuba ububanzi benyanga buncinci kunomhlaba, unokubona ukuphela kwelanga kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zeplanethi.
- Into ebizwa ngokuba "isigaba sobumnyama" ihlala imizuzu emininzi. Emva koko, i-satellite isuka kude, iyaqhubeka ijikeleza ngokujikeleza kwayo, kwaye ukukhanya kwakhona "kusebenza kwindlela eqhelekileyo."
Ukubonakala kokukhanya kwelanga kubonakala njani?
Xa umhlaba uphahlaza umzi womzimba wasezulwini, ukugqibela okuvela kumhlaba weplanethi kubonakala njengendawo emnyama kunye nesithsaba esicacileyo emacaleni. I-fireball ivaliwe kwenye, kodwa ubukhulu becala. Ukukhanya kombala weperele kubonakala ngeenxa zonke. Ezi ziindawo zangaphandle zomoya, ezingabonakali ngexesha eliqhelekileyo. "Umlingo" ungomzuzwana omnye, unokuwubamba kuphela kwindawo ethile. Kwaye isitshixo se-eclipse yelanga sisethunzi esivela kwi-satellite, esithintela ukukhanya. Omnye kummandla obumnyama unokubona ukuphela kwelanga, abanye bangenxenye okanye akukho nhlobo.
Kuphela ixesha lokuphela kwelanga?
Ngokuxhomekeke kummandla, apho kukho umbukeli womhlaba onokubakho, unokugcina ukuphela kwexesha ukusuka kumzuzu ukuya kwe-15. Ngeli xesha, kukho izigaba ezintathu zemiqathango yokuphela kwelanga:
- Ukusuka kwicala lasekunene lesilumkiso kukho iNyanga.
- Iyadlula ngokuhamba kwayo, ngokukhawuleza ifihla idiski yomlilo evela kumbukeli.
- Kufika ixesha elimnyama - xa i-sateliti igqithisa ngokupheleleyo i-luminari.
Emva koko, iNyanga ihamba, ityhila umda we-Sun. Ukuvutha komlilo kuyaphelalala kwaye kukhanya kwakhona. Ixesha lokugqibela lokuphela kwelanga lifutshane, lugqiba umyinge we-2-3 imizuzu. Ubude obude bexesha elipheleleyo ngoJuni 1973 lugqiba imizuzu engama-7.5. Kwaye kwakubonakala ukuphela kwexesha lokugqibela kwiphepha ngo-1986 kwiNyakatho yeAtlantiki, xa isithunzi sifihla i-disc enye yesibini.
Ukukhanya kwelanga - iintlobo
Ijometri yeli qalo iyamangalisa, kwaye ubuhle bayo bubangelwa yinto elandelelanayo: ububanzi besikhanyiso bubungaphezu kwamaxesha angaphezu kwama-400, kunye namaxesha angaphezu kwama-400 ukusuka kulo ukuya eMhlabeni. Ngaphandle kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, umntu unokubona "ukuchaneka" ngokugqithiseleyo. Kodwa xa umntu ekhangele into eyingqayizivele e-penumbra yenyanga, uhluthwe ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeentsuku:
- Ukuphela kokuphela kwelanga - ukuba isigaba somhlaba esona sidima kakhulu sibonakala, idiski yomlilo igqityiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye kukho isithsaba segolide sempembelelo.
- Ngasese, xa isithunzi sifihliwe ngumda omnye weLanga.
- Ukuphelelwa kwenyanga kwelanga kunyaka - kwenzeka ukuba i-satellite satellite ikude kakhulu, kwaye xa ukhangela inkwenkwezi, iifom eziluhlaza.
Kuyingozi kangakanani ukuphela kwelanga?
Ukupheka kwelanga kuyinto eqaqambileyo yokuba ukususela kwimihla yakudala yatsala kunye nabantu abanoyikisayo. Ukuqaphela uhlobo lwalo, akukho nzoyiko loyiko, kodwa ukunyanyiswa kwamanzi kuthwala amandla angamaxesha athile ayingozi kubantu. Oogqirha kunye neengqondo zezinto zengqondo baqwalasela iimpembelelo zezi ziganeko emzimbeni womntu, bethetha ukuba abantu abaxhamlileyo, abakhulileyo nabakhulelweyo, basengozini. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kwesi siganeko kunye neentsuku ezintathu emva koko, ezinjalo iingxaki zezempilo njenge:
- intloko;
- uxinzelelo luyaphinda;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
Yintoni engenakwenziwa ngexesha lokuphela kwelanga?
Ukusuka kwimbono yezokwelapha, kuyingozi kakhulu ukujonga ilanga ngexesha lokuphela kwelanga, ngenxa yokuba ilanga livelisa inani elikhulu le-ultraviolet (kwaye ngexesha lokupheka kwamehlo amehlo angakhuselekanga kwaye athathe umlinganiselo wengozi ye-UV radiation), yimbangela yezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamehlo. Abavumbuli beenkwenkwezi baphinda bathethe ngesiphumo sokuphelelwa kwelanga ebomini babantu kunye nokuziphatha kwabo. Iingcali kule ndawo azicebisi ukuqala ishishini elitsha ngeli xesha ukwenzela ukuphepha ukungaphumeleli, ukuthatha into ethile ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze izigqibo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekuxhomekeke kuyo. Okwenziwe kwimihla yokuphela kwelanga ayifanelekanga, sinokuhlukanisa:
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye neziyobisi;
- isombululo-mbambano, njengoko abantu bebacaphukisa kakhulu;
- iinkqubo zonyango ezinzima;
- ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizenzo ezininzi.
Kuphela nini ukuphela kwelanga ukuphela?
Kwixesha la mandulo, umzuzu xa i-luminari iphela emva kwenyanga yediski, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqikelela. Kule mihla, izazinzulu zibiza imihla kanye neendawo apho kukulungele ukujonga ukuphela kwelanga kunye nomzuzu wesigaba esiphezulu, xa inyanga ivala idiski yomlilo ngesithunzi sayo. Ikhalenda ye-2018 ilandelayo:
- Ubumnyama bebodwa bungabonakala kwi-Antarctica, eningizimu yaseArgentina naseChile ngobusuku boFebruwari 15, 2018.
- Ngomhla we-13 kuJulayi, kwiindawo ezisemzantsi (e-Australia, e-Oceania, e-Antarctica), ukuvalwa ngokukhawuleza kwelanga kungabonwa. Isigaba esiphezulu si-06: 02 eMoscow.
- Ukuphela kwelanga ukuphela kwelanga kubantu baseRussia, eUkraine, eMongolia, eChina, eCanada naseScandinavia kuza ku-Agasti 11, 2018 ngo-12:47.
Ukupheliswa kwelanga - iinkcukacha ezithakazelisayo
Nabantu abangenakuqonda isayensi yeenkwenkwezi banomdla kuzo: kaninzi kangakanani ukuphelelwa kwelanga, kuthini na kuyo, kudala kangakanani le nto engavamile. Zininzi iinkcukacha ngaye ziyaziwa wonke umntu kwaye akumangalisi mntu. Kodwa kukho ulwazi olunomdla ngokukhawuleza, eyaziwa ngabambalwa.
- Qaphela imeko xa idiski yomlilo ifihliwe ngokupheleleyo emehlweni, kwindlela yonke yehlabathi inokwenzeka kuphela kuMhlaba.
- Kukho nawuphi na umgangatho weeplanethi ezibonakalayo zingabonwa ngokuqhelekileyo kanye emva kweminyaka engama-360.
- Ummandla ophezulu wokungahlali kwelanga ngethunzi lenyanga li-80%.
- E-China, okokuqala ukubhalwa kwenyanga kwafunyanwa, okwenzeka ngo-1050 BC.
- AmaTshayina mandulo ayakholelwa ukuba xa ecima "inja enelanga" idla ilanga. Baqala ukubetha iidrama ukuba baxoshe isidalwa sezulu esisekukhanyeni. Kwakudingeka akweswe aze abuyisele impahla ebiwe esibhakabhakeni.
- Xa kukho ukuphela kwelanga, isithunzi senyanga sihamba kunye nomhlaba womhlaba ngesivinini esikhulu-ukuya kwi-2 km ngesibini.
- Iingcali zenzululwazi zibalwe: emva kweminyaka eyi-600 yezigidi ziphela ziphela, kuba i-satellites iya kusuka kwiplanethi ibe ngumgama omde.