Igama elithi "umnyama omnyama" (okanye ubunzima obufihlakeleyo) lisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi: kwi-cosmology, kwi-astronomy, kwi-physics. Le ngongoma yokucinga - uhlobo lwendawo kunye nexesha elichaphazelekayo ngqo kunye nombane we-electromagnetic kwaye ayidluli ngokwalo.
Into emnyama - yintoni na?
Ukususela kwixesha elidala abantu babenenkxalabo malunga nemvelaphi yendalo yonke kunye neenkqubo eziyilo. Ngethuba letheknoloji, ukufumanisa okubalulekileyo kwenziwa, kwaye isiseko sezobugcisa sasandiswa ngokubanzi. Ngomnyaka we-1922, i-physicist yaseBrithani uJames Jeans kunye nesazi seenkwenkwezi saseDatshi uJacobus Kaptein wafumanisa ukuba inkoliso ye-galactic ayibonakali. Kwaye ngokokuqala ngethuba into ebumnyama yayibizwa ngokuba yinto engenakubonwa ngenye indlela ezaziwa ngabantu. Ubukho bezinto eziyimfihlakalo zinika iimpawu ezingqalileyo-intsimi yokuvuthwa, ubuncwane.
Into ebumnyama kwi-astronomy ne-cosmology
Ukucinga ukuba zonke izinto kunye nendima kwindalo yonke bethandwa omnye nomnye, izazi zeenkwenkwezi zakwazi ukufumana ubuninzi bendawo ebonakalayo. Kodwa kwakukho ukungafani kwinqanaba langempela kwaye liqikelelwe. Kwaye izazinzulu zifumanisa ukuba kukho ubunzima obungabonakaliyo, obangama-95% kwinto yonke engatshatyalaliswa kuyo yonke indawo. Into ebumnyama kwi-space inezinto ezilandelayo:
- ilawulwa ngumoya;
- ichaphazela ezinye izinto zendawo,
- buthathaka kakhulu kunye nehlabathi lenene.
Into emnyama yifilosofi
Indawo eyahlukileyo ihlala yinto emnyama kwifilosofi. Le nzululwazi ibandakanyeka ekufundeni umyalelo wehlabathi, iziseko zokuba, inkqubo yehlabathi elibonakalayo nelingabonakaliyo. Ipropati yathathwa into ethile, echithwe yesikhala, ixesha, imiba engqongileyo. Ukufumanisa kamva kamva, into ebalulekileyo engummangaliso yendalo yonke yatshintsha ukuqonda kwehlabathi, isakhiwo sayo kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngomqondo wefilosofi, into engaziwayo, njengengqungquthela yamandla yendawo kunye nexesha, ikhona kulowo nalowo kuthi, ngoko ke abantu bayafa, kuba baquka ixesha elinokuphela.
Kutheni sifuna into emnyama?
Inxalenye encinane yezinto zendawo (amaplanethi, iinkwenkwezi, njl.) Yinto ebonakalayo. Ngokwimilinganiselo yezohlukeneyo zenzululwazi, amandla amnyama kunye nemeko emnyama ihlala malunga nendawo yonke kwiCosmos. Isabelo seyokuqala ngu-21-24%, amandla angama-72%. Imveliso nganye yendalo ephilileyo inemisebenzi yayo:
- Amandla amnyama, angathathi umbane kwaye angakhangeli ukukhanya, aphelisa izinto, ukunyanzelisa yonke indawo ukuba yande.
- Ngokusekelwe kumbindi ofihlakeleyo, iindidi zakhiwe, amandla ayo akhangisa izinto ngaphakathi kwendawo, azigcina kwindawo zazo. Oko kukuthi, iyancipha ukwandiswa kwendalo yonke.
Yintoni into ebumnyama iquke?
Inkcazelo ebumnyama kwi-system yezilanga yinto engenakuchukumiswa, ihlolwe kwaye ifundwe ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, iingcamango ezininzi zifakwe phambili ngokubhekiselele kwimo kunye nokubunjwa kwayo:
- Iingqungquthela ezingaziwa kwisayensi ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-gravitation ziyiyo ndawo. Akunakwenzeka ukuwafumana kwi-telescope.
- Lo mcimbi uyisiqhelo seemingxube ezimnyama (akukho mkhulu kuneNyanga).
Kunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa iintlobo ezimbini zobuninzi obufihlakeleyo, ngokuxhomekeka kwixesha elithile leengqungquthela zalo, ukuxininisa kokuqokelela kwabo.
- Kushushu. Akwanele ukwenza imilalane.
- Cold. Iqulethwe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, amakhulu. Ezi zixhobo ziyakwaziwa ngezesayensi kunye nabasebenzi.
Ngaba kukho into emnyama?
Zonke iinzame zokulinganisa izinto zendalo engabonakaliyo aziphumelelanga. Ngo-2012, ukunyuka kweenkwenkwezi ezingama-400 eziseLangeni kwaphandwa, kodwa ubukho bezinto ezifihlakeleyo kwimimandla emikhulu abuzange kuboniswe. Nangona umcimbi omnyama ungekho eqinisweni, kwenzeka ukuba ube yintetho. Ngoncedo lwayo luchaza ukufunyanwa kwezinto zendalo yonke kwiindawo zazo. Ezinye izazinzulu zifumanisa ubungqina bokuba ubukho bezinto ezifihlakeleyo. Ukuba khona kwakhe kwindalo ibonisa ukuba amaqoqo ezintlu zezintlu aziqhubi kunye kwaye zihlala kunye.
Into emnyama - inyaniso
Ubume bobunzima obufihliweyo buhlala buyimfihlakalo, kodwa luqhubeka lunomdla kwizenzululwazi zehlabathi lonke. Ukuqhuba rhoqo ukuvavanya, ngoncedo lwabo bazama ngalo ukuphanda ixabiso ngokwaso kunye nemiphumo yalo. Yaye inyaniso malunga nayo iyaqhubeka iphindaphinda. Umzekelo:
- I-Hadron Collider enkulu, eyona nto inamandla kakhulu kwi-particle accelerator ehlabathini, isebenza ngamandla okwandisa ukubonakala kwezinto ezingabonakali kwiCosmos. Uluntu lomhlaba onomdla ulindele iziphumo.
- Oososayensi baseJapan bakha imephu yokuqala yomhlaba we-mass mass in space. Kucetywe ukuwugqiba ngo-2019.
- Kungekudala, i-physicist theory uLisa Randall uphakamise ukuba into emnyama kunye nama-dinosaurs ahlobene. Le nto yathumela i-comet emhlabeni, eyonakalisa ubomi emhlabeni.
Iimpawu ze-galaxy yethu kunye nomhlaba wonke zizinto ezilula kunye nomnyama, oko kukuthi, izinto ezibonakalayo nezingabonakaliyo. Ukuba ngokufunda i-teknoloji yokuqala ye-teknoloji iqhubekile, iindlela zihlala ziphuculiswa, ngoko kunzima kakhulu ukuphanda izinto ezifihliweyo. Uluntu alukazanga ukuqonda le ngxaki. Into engabonakaliyo, engabonakaliyo, kodwa engaphendulwanga yimiba emnyama kwaye ihlala ingumnye wemfihlelo eyintloko yendalo yonke.