Yithini ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu komntwana?
E-Ukraine, kwakhona, kukho intlawulo efanayo, nangona inegama elinye - "isaphulelo sentela". Ukususela ngo-2017, ibekwe ngabazali bobabini-bobabini nonina, indawo eyodwa kuphela yomsebenzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bemali engenayo kunye nenani labantwana, lingama-50%, i-100% kunye ne-150% yomvuzo. Akukho sicelo esenzekelayo - umqeshwa kufuneka afake isicelo esifanelekileyo sembuyekezo.
Nabani na umrhafi werhafu kwi-13% unokubuyisela enye yale mali eyayinqatshelwe xa kubalwa umvuzo. Ukuba umyinge wesithakazelo uhlukile, okanye umntu akhululwe ngokupheleleyo kwiintlawulo, ukuxothwa kwentlawulo yabantwana akuyena kuye. Ukongezelela, umntu onomvuzo wenyanga ngaphezu kwama-350,000 akanakufaka isimangalo sesinqununu. Ukubhaliswa akukwenziwe kanye kunye nonke. Njalo inyanga, ingeniso ihlaziywa kwaye, xa iwela umnqamlezo, le mali ayibalwa kwakhona.
Fumana ukuba yintoni ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kumntwana kulula - uya kufuna ukufumana ulwazi oluthe nkcukacha kwiinkonzo zerhafu okanye ukukhangela ukucaciswa kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke - kukho imizekelo eninzi. Enyanisweni, yonke into iyilula - kunethuba langempela lokunyusa ngokuncinci ukwanda kwenani lentlawulo yengeniso, ngenxa ye-"discount" encinci, ngenxa yokuba inxalenye yemali engenayo yenyanga nganye ayiyi kuhlawulwa irhafu.
Ngubani onelungelo lokuncitshiswa kweerhafu kumntwana?
Abafakizicelo kwiintlawulo karhulumente kufuneka baqonde ukuba ngubani ohlawulwa irhafu kubantwana, kwaye ungubani. Musa ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-interest accounting, ejongene nokubala kwemvuzo - unina okanye utata kufuneka azinakekele. Nangona abantu abadala bengasisebenzisi kwindawo yomsebenzi ngokukhawuleza emva kokufika kwelungu elitsha lentsapho emhlabeni, banokukwenza nanini na.
Umqathango oyintloko xa isitatimenti senziwa yimiba yabantwana. Ukuba akayi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18-24 ubudala, ngoko unokumangalela ukhetho lukaRhulumente. Lo mahluko kwiminyaka ngenxa yokufunda. Xa kwenzeka ukuba umntwana ubhalise kwifom yexesha elizeleyo, unjalo de kube ngumnyaka wama-24. Oku kuquka ama-cadets ezikolweni zempi. Eli thuba linikezelwa ngu:
- Kubazali.
- Abazali abazithandayo.
- ITrasti / abagcini.
I-Standard Child Tax Credit
Ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kweendleko zokugcinwa komntwana kunokuba ngumgangatho, okanye kabini. Kwimeko yokuqala, ababini ngabazali, abagcini, abazali abathandayo okanye abaxhasi bafumana ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu nganye kubantwana abasuka kumvuzo wabo. Iphindwe kabini. I ngafakwa:
- Xa umzali (owamukelwayo okanye owokuzalwa) kuphela. Okokuthi, kukho ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kokufa komnye wabo, ukungabikho kwakhe kwasekuqaleni kumaphepha (kwikholam yobawo) okanye isatifikethi sokuhlulwa kwamalungelo kumntwana.
- Ukuba i-foster okanye i-biological mums kunye nabagadi banesantya esifanayo kwisigidi se-13% kwaye banokuyinqabela le nzuzo ukuze iqabane likwazi ukuyifaka ngokuphindwe kabini.
- Iiprasti kunye nabagcini bodwa banokukhipha ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu eziqhelekileyo kubantwana, kodwa kabini ayifumaneki. KwiRussia Federation, kuxhomekeke kwinani labantwana. Ukuba inkwenkwe kwintsapho iyimbuyekezo efunekayo enye, kodwa ngakumbi abantwana, enkulu ubukhulu. Ngoko urhulumente ngokuthe ngandlela-thile unenkathalo malunga nesimo sabantu kwilizwe.
Ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo yokuzalwa komntwana
Kubonakala kwintsapho encinane, umntwana unikela umama wakhe kunye nobawo ilungelo lokufakela ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo yerhafu yengeniso yabantwana kubantwana. Le nkqubo ilula - ufuna kuphela ukulungiselela amaphepha afanelekileyo:
- isicelo kumqeshi;
- ikopi yamaphepha eembuyekezo;
- kwimeko apho umzali ehlala yedwa, ukuqinisekiswa oku kufunekayo;
- ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwemibuzo ehambelana nayo iyimfuneko.
"Ukuncitshiswa kwezingane" kuhlawulwa kude kube sekupheleni kukaDisemba waloo nyaka, xa inkunzi ekhulile igugule abaneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala. Okanye unako ukwandiswa de kube yimfundo ephakamileyo. Emva koko, sele sele esicinga ukuba ngumdala, ngubani othe wathatha umsebenzi, sele ekhokhele ngokuzimeleyo zonke iintlawulo ezibangelwa yinkqubo yelizwe ngokwakhe.
Ityala leNtlawulo yabantwana
Unokufumana "isaphulelo" kungekhona nje ukugcinwa kwegazi lakho, kodwa nokufunda. Emva koko kufuneka afundise isebe elimiselweyo leyunivesithi kwaye angabi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-24 ubudala. Isicelo sokuncitshiswa kweerhafu kwimfundo yabantwana eyunivesiti singeniswa ngokubamba:
- isivumelwano kunye neyunivesiti;
- ukuvakaliswa kwe-3-NDFL;
- Iinjongo malunga nentlawulo;
- I-Reference 2-NDFL.
Ukuhlawulelwa kwemfundo kunokufumaneka ngaphandle kokulinda de kubekho unyaka wekhalenda uphela, xa kuhlawulwa intlawulo. Oku kwagqitywa ngo-2017. Ngaphambili, oku kwakungenakwenzeka. Ukongezelela, akunandaba nokuba ufake izicelo zokubhalisa kubantwana - kunyaka wokuqala wemfundo okanye wokugqibela. Ukuba ugcine amakhadi okuhlawula, unako ukwenza njalo oku. Ekupheleni koqeqesho, isixa sembuyekezo siya kuba siphezulu kakhulu kunokuba usebenza rhoqo ngonyaka.
Bonke abahlawuli baya kukwaziswa kakuhle ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa intlawulo yenzalo kungekhona nje kwinkqubo yemfundo yabantwana babo, kodwa kunye noqeqesho lwabo, kunye nezihlobo ezifutshane (odade, abazalwana). Inkqubo yokubhaliswa kweli phepha iya kuba yinto efanayo, njengabantwana babo, nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lokufumana imfundo, kwakhona, kufuneka lube lumile.
Ukuncitshiswa kweRhafu komntwana okhubazekileyo
Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, unokwenza ngokukhawuleza uyancitshiswa, oku akusebenzi kuphela kubantwana abakhubazekile, kodwa kubo bonke abanye. Ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kubazali abakhubazekileyo baya kuba ngamaxesha amaninzi kunemigangatho enikezelweyo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umyalelo wokuzalwa kwabantwana kwintsapho, ukwenzela ukuba izikhelo zomthetho zingabinqandeli abahlawuli beembuyekezo abazifumanayo-njengabagwebi abanamava abacebisa. Olunye ugugu - lugqitywa ukufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-18-24 kunye neqela le-I-II kuphela.
Ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo kwonyango lwabantwana
Ekubeni, kukho imeko xa umntwana efuna unyango olubi okanye utyando. Xa umntwana sele esesilungisa, lixesha lokufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nendlela yokufumana inkunkuma yentlawulo yomntwana. Abantu abadala banokubuyisela enye yemali esetyenzisiweyo, ngokusekelwe kuloluhlu lwamachiza kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo. Ukuba unyango olunikezelwa isigulane esincinane lufakwe kuhlu olusungulwe nguRhulumente waseRussia Federation, ngoko ke, ukuba uqokelele ulwazi oluyimfuneko, unokufaka isicelo kwintlangano efanelekileyo yokwenza isaphulelo.
Emva kokuba izibalo zenziwe, imali iya kudluliselwa kwiakhawunti yokuhlawula umntu ohlawula irhafu yengeniso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngomthetho, le ntlawulo ayikwazi ukudlula i-15,600. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uluhlu oluthile lweenkonzo zonyango kunye neziyobisi apho le mithintelo ayisebenzisi. Iinkcukacha zifumaneka kwimeko nganye.
Ukuncitshiswa kweRhafu xa uthengela umzi womntwana
Kukho into enjengokuncitshiswa kwepropati. Oku kuncitshiswa kweerhafu kwabantwana abangaphantsi, kwaye kungabuyiselwa emva kokuthengwa kwepropati kunye nabazali (kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zesabelo), kwaye ukuba kuthengwa izindlu zincinci. Apha asikhulumi nje ngabazali bethu kuphela, kodwa nakwabatrasti, abaphathiswa, abazali abavayo. Umthetho kule nto wenziwa ngo-2014, kunokuba abantu abahlali banomdla kakhulu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthengwa kwepropati yomntwana wakho kuyafana. Oku kuyaqondakalayo - ngamnye umzali ufuna ukumnika ukuzinza kunye nokuzimela kwixesha elizayo. Ngokomzekelo, sinokuthatha le meko kwiinguqulelo ezimbini:
- U-Petrov Ivan Ivanovich uthenge indlu yearuble engama-1800000 ngomntwana wakhe, kwaye wakhupha egameni lonyana wakhe. Kule meko, unokuncika ekuncitshweni kwixabiso elilingana nexabiso lezindlu.
- Ngokufanayo u-Ivan Ivanovich uthenge izindlu ze-ruble ezingama-1800 kwaye wenzelwa yena kunye nendodana yakhe kwicandelo elincinane. Ngako oko, unelungelo lokukhupha zonke iinxalenye ukusuka kwerhafu yerhafu esetyenzisiweyo.
Ungayifumana njani irhafu yentlawulo yomntwana?
Ukwazi indlela yokwenza utyeshelo lwerhafu kumntwana, kuya kuba lula ukwenza. Kuya kubakho ukuqokelela iphakheji ethile yamaphepha:
- ipaspoti kunye nesitampu emtshatweni okanye ukungabikho kwayo;
- izatifikethi zokuzalwa zabo bonke abantwana abazalelwe / abamkelweyo;
- ukuba kuyimfuneko, isatifikethi esivela kwindawo yangaphambili yengqesho okanye yesibini (ukuba umenzi wesicelo usebenza emisebenzini emibini);
- sicelo;
- ukuqinisekiswa koqeqesho (i-nursergarten, izifundo zeelwimi, amacandelo ezemidlalo, isikolo somculo kunye nabanye, ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-24).
Ukuba isicelo sifakwe ngekhompyutha (esilungele ukuba ngabemi abaninzi), kuyimfuneko ukuba yonke into ilungiselelwe kulo mzuzwana, kuba "ukuhambisa" nayiphi na isatifikethi xa kubhalisiwe ukungabhalanga okanye ukungabikho kokungabikho kuyasebenza. Unokufaka izicelo ngeendlela ezintathu:
- Ngeziko leenkonzo zesebe.
- Ngqo kwi shishini.
- Ngerhafu.
Ukuncitshiswa kwentela kumntwana kubalwa njani?
Ukwazi ukubala ukuhlawulwa kwentela kumntwana, nge-arithmetic elula, unako ukubala ukuba yiyiphi inxalenye yengeniso inokukhutshwa kwiintlawulo. Masithathe umzekelo olula - umama unabantwana abane 16, 13, 8 no-5 ubudala. Umvuzo wakhe ngu-60000. Unina unika amaxwebhu, ngokubhekiselele kuwo abantwana abanelungelo lokunciphisa irhafu yengeniso yonyango: ezimbini zokuqala - ii-2,800 kunye kunye neyesithathu neyesine-3000 ngenyanga. 8800 amaqabunga.
Kuyaziwa ukuba umvuzo womama weenyanga ezine awudluli kuma-rubles aseRussia ayi-350,000. Ngoko ke, unokufumana uncedo kuluntu. Ukubalwa kwerhafu yengeniso yenyanga yile ndlela ilandelayo: (60000 - 8800) * 13% = 6656. Unina wabantwana abane uya kufumana le ngeniso: 60000 - 6656 = 53344. Ukuba kukho nobawo, ke kwindawo yomsebenzi inokufumana ilungelo lentela, kodwa enye , ukuba umvuzo nomfazi awufani.
Inani lokuncitshiswa kweerhafu kumntwana
Ukuqonda ukuba unako ukwandisa umvuzo wakho wentsapho, kulula. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukwazi oko kubeka abantwana kwaye ubuncinci ukuba banomdla kumthetho ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka, amatyala amatsha amkelwe kule ndawo kwaye ngoJanuwari 1 wonyaka ngamnye umntu unokulindela utshintsho. Isixa siyaxhomekeka kumyalelo wokuzalwa kwabo, umzekelo, ukuba abantwana ababini banikezwa irhafu yokurhoxiswa nguRhulumente kwaye ke, xa umntwana engomnye, kodwa enokukhubazeka-le mali ehlukile.
- 1 umntwana - 1400;
- ngowesibili - 1400;
- kwisithathu kunye nazo zonke ezilandelayo - 3000;
- ngokungekho mthethweni kubabazali kunye nabazali-12000, kunye nabaphathiswa kunye nama-trustees 6000.
Ukuhlawulelwa kwabantwana abathathu, phakathi kwabo akukho mntu ukhubazekileyo kunye nabo bonke baphilile, kuya kuba buncinci kunene xa omnye wabo eneqela. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba kwerhafu kuphela iqela lokuqala nelesibini lokukhubazeka lithetha, kwaye okwesithathu ayikho. Ukuba abantwana abadala kwiintsapho baye bakhula ixesha elide, basabonwa njengabantwana, nokuba ngaba irhafu kubo ayizange ihlawulwe, kwaye bonke abantwana abasemva baya kuthathwa njengabokuqala, kodwa okulandelayo.
Ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo akusiyo into elula, ngakumbi kubantu. Uninzi lwabo, abasebenza ngokusemthethweni, bahlawula iintlawulo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngexesha elifanayo, zenze ngokuhambelana nesitemplate esifanelekileyo - kungekhona ngokucacileyo. Kodwa abantu ngabadali bentlalo yabo. Ngoko ke, ukuba banokwandisa kancane ukufunda kwabo ukufunda, kubonakala kunokwenzeka ukuphucula kancane ukuma kwezemali zekhaya. Akufanele kucatshangelwe ukuba lo luhlobo lwesipho esivela kurhulumente. Ukwenza oku, akudingeki ukuba usebenzise ukukhwabanisa okungekho mthethweni, kuba kuvunyelwene kumgangatho wezomthetho.