Ukuhlola iquka iindlela eziphangaleleyo zokuphanda ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlola i-mass.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokukhulelwa kuhlose ukuchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana kwi-fetus. Iqhutyelwa kwiiveki ezi-10 ukuya kwe-14 zokukhulelwa kwaye ziquka i-ultrasound (ultrasound) kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi (ukuhlolwa kwegazi). Oogqirha abaninzi bancomela ukuhlola bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo ngaphandle kokunye.
Ukuhlola i-biochemical for the first trimester of pregnancy
Ukuhlola i-biochemical ukuzimisela kwigazi labamakishi abaguqula kwi-pathologies. Abafazi abakhulelwe, ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kuhloswe ekufumaneni i-chromosomal engafanelekanga kumntwana (njenge-Down syndrome, i-syndrome syndrome), kunye nokufumanisa ukungalunganga kwengqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu. Imela ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-hCG (i-chorionic gonadotropin) kunye ne-RAPP-A (iplasti-A e-plasma ehambelana nokukhulelwa). Ngethuba elifanayo, kungekhona kuphela izikhombisi ezicacileyo, kodwa nokuphambuka kwabo kwixabiso elilinganiselweyo elisungulwe ngexesha elithile. Ukuba i-RAPP-A iyancitshiswa, oku kungabonakalisa ukungalunganga komntwana, kunye ne-Down syndrome okanye i-Edwards syndromes. I-HCG ephakanyisiweyo ingabonisa ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal okanye ukukhulelwa okubanzi. Ukuba iikhosi zeHCG ziphantsi kunezinto eziqhelekileyo, oku kungabonisa isifo se-placental, isisongelo sokukhulelwa kwesisu, ubukho be-ectopic okanye ukukhulelwa okungakhuselekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuphela kunokukwenza ukuba kubekho ukuxilongwa. Iziphumo zakhe zithetha kuphela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-pathologies kwaye unike ugqirha ithuba lokunikezela izifundo ezongezelelweyo.
I-ultrasound yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-1 yokuhlola ukukhulelwa
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, misela:
- ukuchaneka kwezitho zangaphakathi zomntwana;
- isikhundla esifanelekileyo sokuphatha kunye nemilenze;
- Ubunxibelelwano bobukhulu bomzimba ngokwemiqathango yokukhulelwa;
- isakhiwo kunye nendawo yeplacenta.
Kwaye kwakhona:
- ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo;
- Ukulinganisa i-collar zone (entanyeni yendawo phakathi kwama-tissue adibeneyo kunye nesikhumba). Umlinganiselo ubaluleke kakhulu, kuba amanzi angabuthelela kulo mmandla, kwaye ukudlulela kwixabiso ngaphezu kwesiqhelo (isiqhelo singama-3 mm) sibonisa ukuphambuka kwentuthuko;
- ukutshekisha nokulinganisa ithambo lesa. Ngexesha leveki ezili-11, kubonakala kwi-98% yabantwana kwaye abanakubonwa kwi-70% yabantwana abane-Down syndrome.
Xa ukuhlolwa kwe-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ithuba lokuchonga i-Down syndrome ne-Edwards syndrome liphezulu kwaye li-60%, kunye kunye neziphumo ze-ultrasound zanda kuma-85%.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iziphumo zokuqala ukuhlolwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa zingathonyelwa zizinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhulelwa kwamanani amaninzi (iindleko zekhamera zinyuka, kwaye ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezinokwenziwa kwezinto ezinokwenziwa kwezinto ezinokwenziwa kwezinto ezinokwenziwa kwemvelo).
- ubunzima besifazana (ngokukhululeka, iinkolelo zivame ukunyuka);
- imikhwa emibi;
- Izifo zomama (umzekelo, ukubandayo ngexesha lokuvavanya okanye izifo ezingapheliyo);
- ukuthatha amayeza;
- Ukumiselwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo (ireyithi kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokukhulelwa).
Ezi zizathu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ziqwalasela iziphumo zokuqala ukuhlolwa kweentombi ezikhulelweyo. Ngokuphambuka kancinci kumgangatho oqhelekileyo, oogqirha bancoma ukuhlolisisa i-trimester yesibini. Kwaye kukho ingozi ephezulu yokugulisa, njengomthetho, i-ultrasound ephindaphindiweyo, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo (i-chorionic sampling sampling okanye uphando lwe-amniotic fluid). Akunakulungele ukubonisana nomfuzo wezofuzo.