Ukuchaswa kobuxoki kuyinkohlakalo okanye inyaniso enolwazi ekujoliswe kukugqithisa udumo lomntu othile emehlweni abo bantu okanye uluntu ngokubanzi. Namhlanje kwixesha le-Intanethi kunye nokuninzi kweendaba, umntu unokubona umphumo wokuchaswa rhoqo.
Ukuchaswa - yintoni na?
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuhlambalaza? Eli gama livela kwi-Latin-name-reputation, kunye negama elithi diffamatio - ukudalulwa. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje, ukuhlambalaza ukusabalalisa ulwazi, inyaniso engonakalisa umntu kwaye ihlazise idumela , inhlonipho nesidima. Ukuhlanjululwa kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kwimiboniso yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Ngaba uyaphula umthetho.
Ukuchasana nokunyundela
Ukuchaswa kunye nokunyundela kuyimfundiso efanayo, eYurophu bafana, kodwa bahlukeneyo, kukho ukungafani phakathi kwabo:
- Ukuchaswa kukunyaniseka, ngaphandle kolwazi olunyundela, kwi-biography yomntu, umntu unokufumana "izenzo ezingabhenkceli" umntu kunye nezenzo.
- Ukunyundela kukuphazamiseka okukhohlisayo okwenyaniso kunye nokwabiwa kwabo kungekuphela kwenkcazelo, kodwa nangomlomo okanye ngokubhaliweyo.
Iintlobo zokuchaswa
Ukuchazwa kwegama kuyingqiqo. Inxibelelwano okanye ukungalingani kolwazi oluchanekileyo lwenyaniso kwaye, ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela ummemezeli abhekisela ngayo kwizenzo zakhe, ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa okungenakuthenjwa ngokuchanekileyo - ulwazi olushicilelwe kwiprinta ngamanga ngamabomu, lungabizwa nangokunyundela.
- Ukuchaswa okungaqinisekiyo okungaqinisekanga - ulwazi olungamangalelanga lwazi aluqinisekisiwe kwaye luyakwandiswa ngokubanzi.
- Ukuchaswa okuthembekileyo kukunokwenyaniso, kodwa kunokukwazi ukuphula umthetho, ukuphazamisa umntu emehlweni omphakathi.
Kuye kwavela ukuba ukuhlanjululwa kunokuthetha intsingiselo kunye nenyaniso ye nyaniso, ebizwa ngokuba umzekelo, ukubonisa umntu kwizenzo ezimbi. Ukuba ukuhlanjululwa kusekelwe kukuhlambalaza, umthengisi ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kukho ubunzima bokubonisa ukuba ukuchaswa yinxalenye yolu lwaphulo-mthetho kumntu.
Ukusasazwa kweMediya
Ukuchaswa kwiimidiya kunye namaqumrhu ayo okwenyani namhlanje. Inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nokungabikho kocingo kunokusenza sikwazi ukuvakalisa izimvo zethu, "inyaniso yethu" kwaye siyivakalise ngethelevishini, kwi-intanethi nakwi-press. Enkundleni, izigwebo zokulwa nehlazo azisoloko zicatshangelwa, kodwa zikho iziganeko ezinjalo kwaye ukuba ulwazi luyinyani ngokunyanisekileyo, injelo enkulu yemali ingafakwa, kwaye ukuba umntu akakwazi ukuhlawula le ntlawulo, unokunyanzelwa ukuba asebenze.
Ivakalelo lokungahlawulwanga lukhokelela ekubeni abantu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, iiforam ziyaxolisa, zixubushe ngobuntu benkcubeko, ukuxhamla ulwazi olungathembekiyo ngabanye kunye nokuthiwa "ukunyusa" njengento yebhola lebhola. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlanjululwa kungabonakali. Umzekelo wokuchasana ngokungazenzisiyo ngokungathembeki unokusebenza njengolu hlobo lulandelayo xa igosa lompolisa lithumela isithombe sexhoba kwi-Intanethi ngolwazi lokuba uyincinci yesini kwaye ifuna amaqabane akhe. Ibali laphela ngokuxothwa kwipolisa e-arhente yokunyanzelisa umthetho.
Omnye umzekelo wokuhlambalaza. Umongameli owaziwayo unomntu owaziwayo ngokufanayo, ebhenela ukuba encwadini yakhe unikeza ulwazi lobuxoki. Umbhali ubonakalisa ngomsebenzi wakhe upolitiko ngendlela engabonakaliyo, yokuhlambalaza. Kodwa abalobi banenzuzo kulokho ekuqaleni kwincwadi nganye, umbhalo: "Bonke abalinganiswa kunye neziganeko, amagama angamanga, kwaye izinto ezihambelanayo ziyimpumelelo."
Ukuchaswa koMthetho woLuntu
Ukuchaswa komthetho kumaninzi amaninzi kuthathwa njengesicala. Ukuchaswa komthetho-mthetho-mthetho ukulwa nokubucala, ukuthotywa kweembeko kunye nesithunzi somntu ngamnye, kuthathwa njengamacandelo amabini e-Code Code ka-RF-150, 152. Buyiselwa "igama lakho elihle" ngokufaka isicelo sokubuyiselwa kwembuyekezo ngenxa yokulimala kokuziphatha kunye nokuhlawulelwa kweenzuzo eziphathekayo, ukuba wayekho kwaye wayengekho.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho olujongene noluntu luhlobene ngokukhululekile nenkululeko yokuthetha, kunye nokukhuselwa kwezinto ezingekho izinto eziphathekayo njengento ehloniphekileyo, idumela nesithunzi esihlala kwiSiqendu 29 somGaqo-siseko we-RF ngenkululeko yokucinga kunye nokuthetha, ngoko ukuchaswa kungathathwa njengesiko elingokomthetho ngokubhekiselele kuwo umthetho wembambano osebenza ngamalungelo omgaqo-siseko ngokufanayo. kunye nokukhusela imbeko nenkululeko yokuthetha kunye nolwazi oluninzi.
Ukuchaswa kobugcisa
Intsingiselo yokuhlanjululwa ithathwa njengento ethi "ukuhlambalaza", kwaye ekukhanyeni kolwazi oluneenkcazo ezingalunganga, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungabonakali uhlobo oluthile lokuhlambalaza - ubuchwepheshe, okanye ngenye indlela yokuhlambalaza kwezoshishino, ngelixa usasaza ulwazi oluchasayo idumela lomntu okanye umbutho ngokubanzi. Ukuchithwa kobuqhetseba obuyingcali yoshishino okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwimiba yoshishino ("inzondo yokuncintisana").
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezenkolo
Ukungcoliswa kwintsapho kukucwaswa kolunye uhlobo lwenkolo kunye nokuhlambalaza imvakalelo yamakholwa, ukunyelisa nokunyeliswa kweemigodi kunye nezithethe ezisetyenziswa kule nkolo. I-resonance enkulu ebantwini bamazwe ahlukeneyo yabangelwa isisombululo esayinwe ngo-2005 yi-UN General Assembly "Ukulwa nokuchaswa kweenkolo", ukubiza ukuba kuvunyelwe ukugxeka nokusabalalisa ulwazi oluhlambalazayo ngenkolo.
Isisombululo sichaza ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkolo kukuhlambalaza ngokukrakra kwiimvakalelo zonqulo zabantu ezibangelwa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu kunye nokukhuthaza imfazwe ngezizathu zonqulo. Kodwa akusiyo yonke into evulekileyo, abachasene nesigqibo sokusombulula ukuba umxholo ungasetyenziselwa ngokwengqiqo kunye nokucalucalulo kwenani lentlabathi eluninzi kunaloo mncinane ongavumelaniyo. Kwaye kuvela ukuba kukho ukuphulwa kwentetho yentetho kunye nokubonakalisa kweengcamango zabo, nangona kungengcikivo, imfundiso yeCawa ingayisebenzisa ngokuqonda kwayo
Ukuhlanjululwa - iindlela
Iingcamango zokuchaswa kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamalungelo kunye nempendulo mazimele zaziwe kubo bonke abantu ukuze bakwazi ukuzivikela kwimeko apho idumela lakhe lobuxoki libonakaliswe ngokuchaneka ngolwazi olungamanga. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yokuchaswa, kukho iindlela ezibonakalisa zona:
- Ulwaphulo olulula - ulwazi olungcolisayo luya kufakelwa ngokungagqibekanga, kwifom yomlomo, kwiindawo zokudibanisa inani elikhulu labantu: kwintlanganiso, ukufumana izikhululo ezisemthethweni, kumsebenzi ohlangeneyo, okanye phambi kwamangqina amaninzi.
- Ukuhlanjululwa ngokusebenzisa i-media-printing of periodicals, kumabonwakude, kwirediyo nakwi-intanethi.
- Ukuhlanjululwa kwamaphepha afanelekileyo - kumaphepha aphumayo evela kumbutho, umzekelo, kwimimiselo yomsebenzi yomntu.