Izibini zentsapho ezithatha isigqibo sokufumana inqabana encinci zicinga ngokungahambelani kwamaqela egazi ngokukhulelwa, ngakumbi ukuba emva kokunyamekela bafumana umphumo omuhle. Kwaye kuphela xa kukho ukungaphumeleli rhoqo, lixesha lokucinga ngezizathu. Enye yeempazamo ezinjalo ukungahambelani kwamaqabane ekukhulelwe. Ukungavumelani kwabatshatileyo kwiqela legazi kunye neR Rh nento ingenayo ingqiqo, kuba nayiphi na inhlanganisela yokukhulelwa inokwenzeka. Enye into kukuba udibaniso lwamacandelo egazi ahlukeneyo kunye ne-rhesus inokubangela inkqubo yokukhulelwa.
Ukuhambelana kwegazi ngokukhulelwa
Izinto eziphambili zegazi ezichaphazela inkambo yokukhulelwa yiqela legazi kunye neR Rh factor (Rh). Ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo kwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa komntwana - amaqela egazi afanayo kunye neR Rh yezinto zombini zomtshato, kodwa oku akuqhelekanga. Into eyingozi kakhulu kumntwana ongakazalwa ingahambelani neR Rh kwisimo sokukhulelwa.
I-Rh inqobo yiprotheyini (antigen) ephezulu kwiseli ebomvu yegazi (i-erythrocyte), kwaye abantu abane-antigen bathiwa yi-Rh, kwaye abanalo i-Rh-negative. Ukuba unina unomdaka obi kunye nombungu obangelwayo uzuze iRhesus enhle, umzimba womama uya kuqala ukuvelisa izixhobo zokulwa kunye ne-erythrocyte ye-embryo (i-erythrocyte yomntwana elula ngokungena emzimbeni womama ngeqonga lomhlaba).
Ukungahambelani okunjalo phakathi koomama nomntwana kunokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu ngexesha lokuqala, ukufa kwe-fetal intrauterine kwithuba elizayo okanye ukuphuhliswa kwesifo se-hemolytic yintsana. Kwizifo ze-hemolytic, i-erythrocyte yesisu ichithwa, i-anemia iyabonakala, isibindi sandisiwe kwaye izinga le-bilirubin egazini legazi liyakhula.
Ukungahambelani kwamacandelo egazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kungaphantsi kakhulu kwaye kubonakalisa njengesifo se-hemolytic yintsana ekhulelwe.
Indlela yokukholelwa ukukhulelwa ngokungahambisani neqela legazi kunye neR Rh?
Ukuba umfazi ongeyena u-Rh uceba ukukhulelwa, kufuneka ahlole izinga leengqungquthela kwigazi kwi-Rh factor. Emva kokuqala kokukhulelwa, ukususela kwiiveki ezi-7 nyanga zonke kufuneka ubeke iliso kwizinga le-antibodies egazini ngaphambi kokuba iphele. Emva kokubeleka, kungakapheli iiyure ezingama-72, kubalulekile ukuzisa i-immunoglobulin ephikisayo, ekhusela ukubunjwa kwamaqabane emzimbeni womama xa igazi le-fetal lijova ngexesha lomsebenzi.
Ukuhambelana kwamaqabane okukhulelwa
Isizathu sokungahambelani kwamaqabane angagqitywa ngovavanyo lokuhambelana nokukhulelwa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-postcoital test. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwinqanaba le-ovulation, ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:
- Kuyimfuneko iintsuku ezi-3 ukuyeka umsebenzi wesondo;
- Ngaphambi kokuba isenzo socansi senze iinkqubo zokucoceka, kwaye ngaphambi kokuya kugqirha kungekhona kwisirinji;
- Musa ukuphuma ebhedeni emva kokulala ngokwesini imizuzu engama-30, ubeka i-napkin yangasese ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa ngumkhuhlane wamanzi;
- ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-6 kwaye kungekudala emva kweeyure ezingama-12 emva kokulala ngesondo.
Ukuchonga ukuhambelana kwamaqabane okukhulelwa, thabatha isampuli ye-mucus emlonyeni wesibeleko, uyisebenzise phakathi kweesilayidi ezimbini uze uhlole phantsi kwe-microscope. Qinisekisa ukuhambelana kwe-mucus, i-crystallization, i-extensibility kunye ne-pH yendawo.
Uqikelelo lwe-motility of spermatozoa kwinqanaba ukusuka kwi "A" ukuya ku- "G" lwenziwa:
- Iqondo elithi "A" lihambelana nokuhamba kakuhle okuhamba phambili;
- I-degree "B" ukuhamba ihamba ngokukhawuleza, i-linear kunye ne-nonlinear;
- iqondo "B" ukuhamba okungekona okuqhubela phambili;
- Isigulana "G" i-spermatozoa ayinasiphako.
Ukuhambelana kwamaqabane okukhulelwa ayenakho kunye neqondo le-spermatozoa "B" kunye ne "G"; ubunzima, obunobuncwane, obudibanisa i-mucus yomlomo wesibeleko ngobunzima bomdanga.
Ukuba iinzame ezingapheliyo zokukhulelwa musa ukuphelelwa lithemba, kuba amayeza anje anesitoreli esikhulu seendlela zokuncedisa imibhangqwana engabantwana. Ezi ndlela ezifana ne-intrauterine insemination okanye in vitro fertilization ziza kunceda iintsapho ezingapheliyo zixazulula ingxaki engahambelaniyo ekukhulelweni komntwana kwaye zifumane umntwana osinda kulinde.