Ulwazi olusisiseko, olunzulu, oluninzi lweenkcukacha zehlabathi alinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwenkqubo ephezulu yokucinga - ukucinga. Kwiengqondo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokucinga, ezahlukileyo, kwindawo yokuqala, kwinqulatho: into engabonakaliyo, ebonakalayo-ebonakalayo kunye nebonakalayo-engqondweni. Ukongezelela, kukho into enjalo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yimiba yemisebenzi: i-theory and practical, kwaye yintoni equka uhlobo oluthile lokuqala lokucinga oluhlelwe kulo: ukudala nokuvelisa.
Ukuqulunqwa kwezinto ezibonwayo-ezifuziselayo
Ingqiqo yezinto ezibonakalayo-ukufuzisela ingcamango kuqukunjelwa imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokumelwa, imifanekiso (ezi zinto zigcinwe kwimemori kunye nexesha elifutshane). Ngendlela elula, ibonakaliswa kumntwana wexesha lokufundela esikolweni kunye neziko lesibini (iminyaka engama-4-7). Ngeli xesha, kukho utshintsho olubonakalayo-olusebenzayo kumhlobo wokucinga esiwucingayo. Ingane ayisadingeki, njengangaphambili, ukuchukumisa into entsha ukuyiphatha ngezandla. Into eyona nto kukukwazi ukuyiqonda ngokucacileyo, ukuyimela.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu hlobo lokucinga lukhona phakathi kwabakhi bezakhiwo, abayili befashini, iibongozi, i-perfumers, abaculi. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba umntu ubona into ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenziswano yayo, udibanisa ngobuchule iipropati ezingavamile zezinto.
Ukufundwa kwezinto ezibonwayo-ezifuziselayo
Isazi sengqondo seSwitzerland uPiaget senze uvavanyo, ngenxa yokuba kwakunokwenzeka ukuba baphumelele ukuba abantwana bacinga ngemifanekiso ebonakalayo, bengakhokelwa yiingcamango. Ngoko, iqela labantwana abaneminyaka engama-7 libonisa amabhola amabini ayenziwe ngenhlama kwaye enexabiso elifanayo. Ingane, sele ihlolisise izinto ngokucacileyo, ifunwa ukuba iyafana. Emva koko, umphandi phambi kwabo bonke abaphulaphuli baphenduka enye yeebhola kwiqebengela. Abantwana nabo babona ukuba ibhola yatshintsha nje isimo sayo, kungekho enye into eyongeziweyo kuyo, kodwa nangona kunjalo, babecinga ukuba uvavanyo lwandise inani lemvavanyo kwibhola eliphambili.
Iingcali zengqondo zichaza oku ngeyona nto yokuba abantwana beli lizwe abaqhelekanga ukusebenzisa imixholo ethile ukuba bachaze oko kwenzekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukucinga kwabo kuxhomekeke kwingcamango yabo. Ngoko, xa abantwana bebukela ibhola, batshintshile ngomumo kwaye bahlala kwindawo ephezulu kwitafile, bacinga ukuba bongeza inhlama kulekhekhe. Oku kungenxa yokucinga kwabo ngendlela yemifanekiso ebonakalayo.
Indlela yokuhlakulela ukucinga okubonakalayo?
Ngaphandle kwincwadi ka-Aristotle, ukubaluleka kokuphuhliswa kolu hlobo lokucinga kwaphawulwa. Ukudala umfanekiso wengqondo kunceda umntu ukuba agxilwe kwisiphumo, ukuzama ukufezekisa okucwangcisiweyo, kukuvumela ukuba ujongene nezenzo zakho. Yona inceda ekusebenziseni ubuchule bokudala obuyimvelo kulowo nalowo wethu. Abaye bahlakulela ukucinga okucingayo banako ukucinga ngokukhawuleza kunabo abalawulwa yimemori engabonakaliyo (umzekelo, isantya sohlobo lokuqala lokucinga li-60 bits / sec, kunye ne-abstract eyodwa-bits 7 bits / yesibini kuphela).
Ukuphuhliswa kwengcamango ebonakalayo-yokufuzisela ikhuthazwa ngu:
- kwinqanaba le labyrinths;
- umzobo;
- ukufunda, uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lwabalinganiswa babalinganiswa abakhulu;
- ukuzilolonga, njengesiphumo somfanekiso ngamnye, kunye nomfanekiso wasisiseko obonakaliswe kuyo, kufuneka ukuba yenziwe njengemibutho eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka;
- ukusetyenziswa kweemidlalo kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kweentonga, iiminganiso (umzekelo, kubalulekile ukwenza ezimbini iisosceles triangles zemi-5);
- ibali lokubhala apho inxalenye ephambili ephosakeleyo;
- Ukuzilolonga ukukhangela ama-analogs (kuyimfuneko ukufumana ezininzi izakhiwo ezifanayo ngokusemandleni kwinto enye ekhethiweyo kunye nabanye).