Ubuntu, obangelwa kwiimpawu ezingaphezu kwezinto, bekunjalo ngamaxesha onke. Kwixesha la mandulo, abantu banqula unqulo, kwaye kamva kule nxaxheba babekhethwa ngabantu-xa bekunene lokuzalwa, kwaye xa kuthiwa bafanelekile. Iyintoni inkolo yobuntu - siya kuqonda kweli nqaku.
Iyintoni inkolo yobuntu?
Kuthe malunga nokuphakanyiswa komntu ngamnye, ngubani ongowaseburhulumenteni ovelele. Abo banomdla kwizinto zobuqu zobuntu kuthetha, kubalulekile ukunikela imizekelo yamagama aqhelekileyo njengoStalin, uHitler, uMa Zedong, njl. Kwii-monarchies ezipheleleyo, ookumkani kunye nabalawuli badlala indima yooThixo. Baye bahlonishwa, baqubuda baze bangabongozi ngeempawu ezithile, kodwa ngenxa yento yokuba behlala esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Ngaphantsi kolawulo lokunyanzelisa kunye nolawulo olulawulayo, kwakungenalo okwaneleyo ukuma kwi-power of power. Kwakudingeka ukuba neempawu ezibalaseleyo ezenza umlawuli afanelekile kwiofisi. Ukuba nezixhobo ezinamandla zobuxoki, kulula ukuba udlule njengomntu abantu abafuna ukukubona njengenkokeli kunye nomlawuli wabo. Ngokuphathelele abantu abanjalo babhala imibongo baze bazenzela iipiksi, ubomi bezinto eziphilayo. Ukusebenza kwabo kwakufundiswa kumaziko emfundo nakuyo yonke indawo ababeyizikhumbuzo.
Izizathu zokubunjwa kweenkcubeko zobuntu
Iimeko ezinjalo zenziwa kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile:
- Ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izizathu zokuseka ubuqu benkcubeko, kuyafaneleka ukuba uphendule ukuba le nto inokwenzeka kuluntu kunye namalungu omzimba angaphangeliyo ukuthatha uxanduva lwezenzo zabo.
- Ngomgangatho ophantsi wezemfundo, isakhiwo esithile esisigxina sokuziphatha senziwa.
- Ukungakwazi ukucinga ngokugqithisileyo kuvulwa amathuba amaninzi omlawuli wokulawula ukulawula nokulawula ingqalelo yoluntu.
Abantu bayamnika iimpawu ezilungileyo - ubulumko, ukuzimisela, ukunyaniseka, ububele nabanye, ngaphandle kokuzivumela ukuba angathandabuzeki ngokuchanekileyo kwezenzo zakhe. Izizathu zokuseka ubuqu benkcubeko zidibene neengxaki kweli lizwe:
- imfazwe okanye iimbandezelo;
- ulwaphulo-mthetho olubanzi;
- ukunyuka kwamaxabiso;
- ukungabikho kweempahla kwii-shelves zevenkile. Iingxabano ezinkulu zifuna umbusi oqinileyo, kwaye oko kuhlala kukho.
Kutheni i-totalitarianism ivame ukuvelisa ubuqu buntu?
Ngale fomu karhulumente, onke amandla agxininiswe ezandleni zekhokeli. Usebenza njengombutho omkhulu wezopolitiko, ukuphelisa ukuphikiswa ngazo zonke iindlela. Zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu zilawulwa nguRhulumente. Abantu bayatshutshiswa kwaye baphoqelelwe ukuthobela urhulumente, ukuwuhlonela, nangona engenayo ingcamango yokusebenza ngendlela enjalo ngombutho wezopolitiko. Kulo mhlaba, ubuqili buntu bubunjwa, obudlala indima yendawo yokuhlala, kunye namalungu oluntu - izikrini kumashishini amakhulu.
Ziziphi iimiphumo zobuntu benkcubeko?
Banokuqwalaselwa ngomzekelo wokugxekwa kobuqu beStalin. Emva kwengxelo kaKhrushchev ngomhla kaFebruwari 25, 1956, apho waqulunqa khona inkolelo yenkokheli, iimbambano zaqhambuka kweli lizwe, ingqumbo yentlungu yomsindo yanyuka phezu kwayo. Ukuphendula umbuzo, yintoni ephosakeleyo ngobuqu benkcubeko, kuyafaneleka ukuba uphendule ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo abo babuya emandleni basebenzise ukuqinisa izikhundla zabo. Kwaye kwakunjalo noNikita Sergeyevich.
Emva kokuba ebhaliwe zonke iimpazamo zonyaka odlulileyo kwiNkokheli yeentlanga zonke, wahlala ethule malunga nendima yakhe kule nkqubo. Uluntu lubonakala luvele lukhuni kwaye aluzange lindele nje ukulungiswa, kodwa lubafuna. Kwaye kwakhiwa isimo sengqondo esikhethekileyo sokungaphelelwa umonde, sikhuthaze ukuba amagunya athathe isinyathelo esichukumisayo kunye nokwandisa ingozi yenkambo ekufunyanisweni kwepopism. Kamva kwenzeka.
Ukulwa nobukho bobuqu
Ukuqulunqa inkolelo yokungafezeki kwenkokeli enye, abo bafika kwinkokheli abaphumeli, kodwa balahlekelwa. Isiphumo sokugqibela senkqubo enjalo:
- Ukunciphisa ukholo lwabantu ekuphelelweni kwamandla amakhulu.
- Ukugxekwa kobuqhetseba bombutho kwiSoviet kwaholela ekutshatyalalisweni kwenkqubo yokwesaba ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuhlaziya okubuhlungu kunye nokubuhlungu kwindlela yoluntu yentlalo yoluntu.
- Ukwahlukana kweentshukumo zobukhomanisi behlabathi kunye nokungena kwayo ngexesha leengxaki, apho kungasayi kukhethwa khona. Akunjalo ubugebengu bukaStalin njengoluhlelo lweSoviet loluntu olugwetywayo.
Inkqubo yokulwa neenkcubeko zobuntu
Inkqubo yezopolitiko ye-Soviet yaqala ukuguqulwa emva kokufa kukaStalin ngo-1953. Ngokubanzi:
- Ukupheliswa kwemiphumo yokuncintwa kukaStalin, uncedo lwabamnyama abaninzi beenkampu zelizwe lonke.
- Ukubuyiselwa komthetho kunye nomyalelo.
- Ukususela kwimibutho yamandla, bathetha kakhulu malunga nokulwa neenkcubeko zobuntu kunye nemiphumo yayo, ukubiza umgaqo-nkqubo ochanekileyo weBolshevik, ovumelekileyo kwaye uhambelana nemigaqo yeengcamango zikaLenin.
Ubuqhetseba buntu kunye nemiphumo yaso kwaphakamisa "ukukhwabanisa" kweKrushchev, eyayiqhutyelwa ngamanqanaba amathathu okuphuhliswa kwayo. Kwaye amaza athi "de-Stalinization" afaka ukulungiswa kweGrbachev, kunye neemeko ezininzi zeRashiya yanamhlanje. Izinga elikhawulezayo lokuphuhlisa uphuhliso kunye nezolimo ziphuhliswa, iziko lophando lwezenzululwazi ziyadalwa, kwaye inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe iyaphula kwiindawo zayo eziphakamileyo.
Iingxaki zanamhlanje zobuntu benkcubeko
Kuze kube yimini, ingxaki yenkcubeko yobuntu yinkcazo yezobugcisa kumsebenzi wezona zinzulu. Bafunda inkqubo yokumanyaniswa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengento ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko. Isiseko sobutyebi bomntu kwimfundo bubungakanani beempawu zabantu ngabanye - iimpawu zobuntu, impawu zokuziphatha, iimvakalelo. Le ndlela yinkqubo yemfundo. Ubunkokeli bezenzo kunye nemiphumo yayo kuthethwa ngayo kwimeko yokufunda ingxaki yenkcubeko yakho njengengxenye engenakulinganiswa yenkqubo yokufunda isiko ngabantu.
Iincwadi malunga nobuqu buntu
Izigidi zabantu zagonywa, zadutshulwa zavalelwa entolongweni ngelixa zazikhokelwa nguStalin. Eli lizwe lihlala lifumana iimiphumo zeziganeko. Ababhali abaninzi ababalaseleyo kwixesha elihlukeneyo baphakamisa isigqubuthelo semfihlelo, bachaza iimpawu zobuntu bezenkolo kunye nemiphumo ekuphakanyiswa kwalo mntu. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu ibandakanya:
- "I-Gulag Archipelago" nguA . Solzhenitsyn . Le ncwadana-ukuvuma kwakufakwe "kwiincwadi ezili-100 zekhulu".
- "Inqatshelwe" u-Anchi Ming . Inoveli yomlando ibonisa ubuqu buntu boMa Zedong kunye nemiphumo emibi yolawulo lwakhe.
- Umcebisi wangasese kwinkokeli "V. Uspensky . Iincwadi ezimbini zichaza imisebenzi kaStalin egameni lomhlobo. Ingxelo ayifaki, kodwa ayiyikuba yinkcazo yeentlanga zonke, kodwa iyathetha ngokunyanisekileyo malunga neziganeko zale minyaka.