Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) zizifo ezininzi ezihlangene nomgaqo wokusasazeka. Ezi ziquka zonke iindidi ze-venereal, izikhumba kunye nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukuba bekukholelwa ngaphambili ukuba ingxaki enokuvela kuphela kumntu oziphatha kakubi okhokelela ubomi bokuziphatha ngokwesini, ngoko namhlanje usongelo lokusuleleka kwi-STD lusempeleni wonke umntu.
Ama-STD kubasetyhini xa kunxibelelana ngokungalindelekanga nogqirha kunokukhokelela kwiinkalo ezininzi, njengokuba, umzekelo:
- i-dysbacteriosis yesini;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo;
- endometritis;
- i-colpitis;
- ukuhanjiswa kwangethuba;
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu;
- ukungabikho;
- ukuphulwa kweenkqubo zesondo;
- ukukhutshwa kakubi;
- intlungu kwiintlobo.
Iintlobo ze-STD
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-STD zi:
- izifo zesikhumba, izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (i-scabies, pubic pediculosis, molluscum contagiosum);
- izifo ze-venereal;
- i-pathologies eyenza isondo (i-hepatitis C, i-hepatitis B, i-AIDS, i-giardiasis).
Iindidi ze-STDs ze-venereal nazo zingahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-classical neyentsha.
Izifo zenkalo yeklasi ziquka:
- i-syphilis;
- venereal lymphogranulomatosis;
- gonorrhea;
- granuloma venereal;
- chancre esithambileyo.
Ngokuphuhliswa kweyeza kunye nokuveliswa kwamachiza amatsha asebenzayo, inani lokufa kwezi zifo linciphile kakhulu. Kwaye ndibulela kwiindlela zokuxilonga zanamhlanje, kwaba lula ukufumana inkcazo kwangoko, ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwalo, kodwa nokufumanisa nokuxilonga izifo ezingaziwa ngaphambili.
Izifo ezintsha ze-venereal ziquka:
- chlamydia;
- i-mycoplasmosis;
- ureaplasmosis;
- urethritis engabonakaliyo;
- trichomoniasis;
- cytomegalovirus;
- zokulwa;
- gardnerellez;
- iitalpes zomzimba;
- candidiasis.
Uninzi lweentlobo ezingentla apha ze-STD zinakho ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngelo xesha zibangele
Unokufumana njani i-STD? Izifo zolu hlobo zingasasazwa ngexesha lophina isondo esingavikelekanga. Usulelo luyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni wesibhobho, njengento eqhelekileyo yokulala ngesondo, kunye nomlomo kunye nangomlomo. Ukuba kwenzeka ukuba ulale ngesondo ngaphandle kwempendulo (ikhondom) kwaye awuqinisekanga ukuba umhlobo wakho wezesondo unempilo kangakanani, hamba uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza!
Ziziphi ii-STD kubafazi?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulala ngesantoni na, kwaye kaninzi kangakanani utshintshe amaqabane esondo. Nangona ungumxhasi oqinileyo wokujonga ukuba isondo nje yindlela yokuzala, usadinga ukwazi indlela yokubonisa ii-STD.
Iimpawu ze-STD kwabasetyhini:
- ubomvu bezitho zangasese;
- iimfazwe kunye nezilonda kwi-anus kunye nezitho zangasese;
- intlungu ngexesha loqhagamshelwano lwezesondo;
- ukukhutshwa okungaqondakaliyo kwimizimba yezitho zangasese;
- kubetha kwindawo yesini.
Izibonakaliso ze-STD kubasetyhini ngamanye amaxesha zingabonakali zingabonakali kwaye zizinzileyo, ngamanye amaxesha aziyi kudala ukukhathazeka okukhethekileyo, ngenxa yokuba isigulane esiphelele sisazi ukuba le nto okanye eso sifo sikhula kwaye siphumelele kuyo. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na impawu ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, qhagamshelana neengcali ngokukhawuleza. Ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza kwengxaki kuncedisa ekunciphiseni uphuhliso lwayo kwingcambu.
Uxilongo lwe-STD
Ukuqwalasela into yokuba phantse bonke abemi besihlanu belizwe lethu banezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kuze kube yimini, kubalulekile ukuhlola ii-STD kwanoma ubani. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olunzulu malunga nokuxilongwa kwezi zifo, qhagamshelana nayiphi na iklinikhi ekhethekileyo. Kulapho ungafunda malunga nendlela yokujonga kwi-STD, nini kwaye phantsi kweemeko ziphi na ukuphucula ukuhlolwa kwaye ugqirha kufuneka uthintane naluphi na uphando.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa kwe-STD kuquka iindlela ezimbini zophando: i-enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kunye ne-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
I-ELISA inquma ukuba khona kwe-immunoglobulins IgG ne-IgM, kunye ne-hepatitis B antigen-HBsAg kwi-serum. Ukufunyanwa kwe-IgM kubonisa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane emzimbeni, kodwa uxinzelelo lwe-IgG lucingelwa ukusebenzisa indlela yokubala. Unamandla ngakumbi kwimizimba echaphazela ukuqaliswa kwezinto zangaphandle, ephakamileyo kwinqanaba le-antibodies kulo.
I-PCR ikhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwe-DNA ye-ejenti echaphazelayo kwi-test smear evela kwi-urethra, nokuba nokuba khona kwayo kubalulekile. Uhlalutyo lwe-STD kubasetyhini, usebenzisa indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-PCR, yinkqubo efunekayo kungekhona kuphela xa kubonakala iimpawu, kodwa nangona xa uhlela ukukhulelwa. Ukuzithemba kwimpilo yakho kukunika isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwengane.
Kukho kwakhona uphando lwe-STD, oluyimigangatho yegolide yokuxilongwa - yindlela yokuphila nge-microbiological. Isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo ukufumanisa i-ureaplasmosis kunye ne-mycoplasmosis kwimizimba yabasetyhini, apho kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuvezwa kwemithi yamagciwane.
Unyango lwe-STD
Uphulo lwe-STD kwabasetyhini luhlala lubandakanya ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezichasene ne-antibacterial kunye ne-immunomodulatory therapy. Ukuba eso sifo sasiqatshelwa kwisigaba sokuqala sophuhliso, ke ukutyiwa kwezixhobo zokulwa namagciwane kungaphezulu kokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usulelo luye lwaphuhliswa kwaye luneenkxalabo, ugqirha unokukunika iklasi yesibini yokwelapha kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezandisa umphumo wee-antibiotics kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo yazo.
Ukukhusela ii-STD
Ngenxa yokuba ukungabikho kwezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zesifo se-STD akunakuqinisekisa ukuba ukungabikho kwazo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba imithetho emininzi yokuthintela ilandelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yezo ngxaki.
Uthintelo lwe-STD luquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ngexesha loqhagamshelwano lwezesondo;
- ukupheliswa kwezesondo ezingaqhelekanga ngokwesini;
- ukugcina ucoceko olusondeleyo;
- ukuxilongwa rhoqo kwiinjongo zokukhusela.
Xa unxulumane noxhatshazo olungasakhuselekanga kunye neqabane eliyingozi, uye kudokotela ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthintela unyango lwe-STD, okhethwe ngutitshala, kuya kukunceda ukuphepha ingozi yokusuleleka.
Nangona kunjalo ukuba namhlanje kuninzi iindlela zokuzikhusela kwizifo ezithathelwana ngesondo kunye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, akukho namnye kubo ongenakukunika isiqiniseko se-100% sokukhusela, ngoko uqaphele kwaye ukuba unayo impawu engathandabuzekiyo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.