Kungekudala, inzululwazi iphelile ukuba ihluke ngokucacileyo, namhlanje amagama athi "i-biochemistry" kunye ne "biophysics" ayisayi kumangalisa umntu, kodwa kuvela ukuba inkqubo yokuchithwa kwesi sikhokelo yaqala ixesha elidlulileyo. Kwiminyaka engama-30 ekhulwini lokugqibela, uqeqesho olutsha lwezesayensi-i-pathopsychology - eyenziwe kwintlangano yeengqondo kunye neengqondo. Yintoni ekhoyo kwimida yenzululwazi, kufuneka sifunde.
Inzululwazi ye-pathopsychology?
Njengesi sayensi, i-pathopsychology yaqala ukuphuhliswa kwayo ngo-1930, ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini kunye nexesha elidlulileyo lemfazwe apho abantu abaninzi abaneentlungu zempi babonakala ukuba imisebenzi yabo ye-psychic imele ibuyiselwe. Kodwa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi lufikelela kuma-1970. Kwakuloo ndlela apho iziseko ze-Russian pathopsychology zenziwa kwimisebenzi yeengcali zokuqala kwengqondo zelizwe lethu. Ekugqibeleni, iingxabano malunga nomsebenzi, isihloko kunye nendawo ye-pathopsychology yagqitywa ngawo-1980. Namhlanje kukho inkqubo yokwahlula isayensi kwimiyalelo eyahlukeneyo, umzekelo, namhlanje isalathiso se-pathopsychology yecala senze imo.
Isihloko kunye nento ye-pathopsychology
I-Pathopsychology iphonononga ukuphazamiseka kweenkqubo zengqondo kwaye ichaza ngoncedo lwezengqondo. Kule meko, utshintsho lwezifo luhlalutya ngesiseko sokuthelekiswa nekhosi kunye nemvelo yokwenziwa kweenkqubo zengqondo kwaye ithi kubantu abanobungqina beengqondo zabo bahambelana nesiqhelo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwenkcazo, kungatsholwa ukuba i-pathopsychology iyinqanaba elisebenzayo lezengqondo zezonyango, into ekufundwa ngayo iipatheni zokwakheka kwengqondo ye-psychopathologies, kwaye into ithathwa njengobunzima kunye neengxaki zengqondo zemibonakalo eyahlukileyo, kodwa zifana nobunzima obuncinane, oko kukuthi, umda ngokuqhelekileyo ( ephilileyo).
Ama-Syndromes of pathopsychology
I-syndrome idibanisa iimpawu zengxaki yomntu okanye iinkqubo zokuqonda ukuqhutyelwa ngepateni ethile. Kwi-psychopathology, i syndromes ezilandelayo ziqwalaselwa:
- schizophrenic;
- oligophrenic;
- echaphazelekayo-enomdla;
- ngokubanzi;
- ubuntu-obungavamile;
- oluxhasayo-oluphilayo;
- ne-psychogenic-neurotic;
- yengqondo-yengqondo.
Imigaqo ye-pathopsychology
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba uphando lwe-pathopsychological. Amava angaphantsi kweso sifundo asivumela ukuba singayichazi imigaqo elandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lwengqondo. Ikuvumela ukuba uphando ngeengxaki zengqondo njengengxaki yomsebenzi. Ijolise ukuhlalutya kohlobo lweengxaki zengqondo, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zezo zinto kunye neendlela zokubuyiselwa kwayo.
- Umgaqo wohlalutyo lwekhwalithi. Uchonga iimpawu zenkqubo yeengqondo zabantu ngokuhlalutya iimpazamo eziye zavela kuye xa wenza imisebenzi yokulinga.
- Izimpawu ezingqondweni ze-psychopathological zibangelwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungqina bamazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, uphawu ngalunye lufanele luhlolwe ngokubambisana nesifundo esipheleleyo.
- Uphando luqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwemisebenzi enje eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo esetyenziswa ngumntu kumsebenzi wakhe. Ukongezelela, ukuqhubela phambili kufuneka kukukhathalele isimo sengqondo somntu kumsebenzi wakhe, iziphumo zayo kunye naye.
- Uvavanyo oluthile lungagcini nje ukufumanisa isakhiwo seendlela eziguqukileyo zengqondo, kodwa zigcinwe nazo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela imisebenzi ephazamisayo.
- Uvavanyo kufuneka luqwalasele ubuhlobo bomntu ukuba abe namava. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abanengqondo yokukhubazeka bayenqaba ukwenza imisebenzi kwaye umphandi kufuneka afune imisebenzi yokulungiselela.
- Uphando lwezilwanyana lusebenzisa ezininzi iindlela. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-psyche ayiyona inkqubo yenkqubo enye, kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zichonge zonke iindlela.
Iingxaki ze-pathopsychology zithintela iingcali zeengqondo kwanoma yiyiphi i-specialization and specialties, kuba akukho namnye kubo ongabandakanyi uxhulumaniso lobuchule nabantu abangenabungozi.