Ixesha ukusuka kumzuzu wokuzalwa komntwana ukuya kwi-28 yomhla wobomi bakhe (kubandakanywa) kuthiwa yixesha lokubeletha. Eli xesha, libuye lahlula libe limbini: ekuqaleni (ukususela kumzuzwana wokumisa intambo yomthi ukuya kumhla wesi-7 wobomi) kwaye emva kwexesha (ukususela kwiintsuku eziyi-8 ukuya kwi-28).
Ngethuba lokuqala lokuzalwa
Ngethuba lokuqala lokubeletha, ulungelelaniso oluyisiseko ebomini bomntwana lwenzeka kwiimeko ezintsha kuye. Ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijeni ye-placental ithathelwa indawo yonikezelo lwepmonta kwaye umntwana usuqala ukuphefumula. Isangqa esincinci sokujikeleza kwegazi siqala ukusebenza, inkqubo ye-excretory ishintshiwe, utshintsho kwi-metabolism livela. Ngethuba lokuqala lokubeletha, isikhumba somntwana si-hypermicic - oku kuthiwa yi-catarrh yezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho i-jaundice yomzimba ebangelwa ukungabonakali kwesibindi somntwana osandula. Ngethuba lokuqala lokubeletha, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba kubakho kunye nokukhutshwa kwezilwanyana zangaphambili-meconium. Zonke iinkqubo zomzimba zisazinzile kwaye ngoko ke ukunakekela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa kufuneka uqaphele kwaye uqonde. Ngeli xesha, izifo ezinjenge-congenital njenge-hemolytic disease, izifo zokuphefumula, i-anemia kunye nezinye zifumaneka.
Ixesha elingasemva kokuzalwa
Ngethuba lokuphela kwexesha lokubeletha kukho ukulungelelaniswa kwempilo yomntwana kwiimeko ezintsha. Uphilisa ngokupheleleyo isilonda esiswini. Ngomso okwaneleyo ovela kumama, umntwana uyongeza ubunzima nokuphakama. Iingcamango zemiqathango zenziwe, abahlalutyi abazibonayo baphuhlise, ukulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo. Inkqubo yokugaya iqhubeka ishintshiwe, isitya sitshintsha ukusuka eluhlaza okomnyama ukuya kumbala obomvu. Ulusu lomntwana luba luhlaza kwaye luhlambuluke. Ukuba usuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa umntwana cishe phantse lonke ixesha lokulala, ngoko kwixesha lokuphela kwexesha lokubeletha usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa luchitha ixesha elininzi kwaye luvuke ixesha. Ngeli xesha, uqala ukuphendula ngokumomotheka ukumnceda.
Kwamazwe amaninzi eYurophu, kwisinconywa se-WHO, ingcamango yamukelwa, injongo yinto ebomini impilo enomntwana. Le ngcamango iquka:
- unxibelelwano lomama nomntwana "isikhumba ukunqanda";
- ukuqaliswa kwasekuqaleni kokunyelwa kwengcinezelo;
- Ukunamathela kwintambo yeshushu (ukugcina umntwana ushushu kumasekhondi wokuqala emva kokuzalwa);
- ukuhlala komntwana kunye nonina;
- ugonyo ngokubonisana nomama;
- icatshulwa esibhedlele kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4 emva kokuzalwa;
- ubambe iiklasi kunye nonina ukuba anakekele umntwana, ancelise.
Yonke le migaqo iyanciphisa impembelelo yoxinzelelo lokuzalwa, igalelo ekutshintshelweni komzimba kwintsana yokubeletha, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngokuchanekileyo kwixesha elizayo.