Ihlabathi lezenzululwazi liyaqhubeka likumangalisa ngezinto ezitsha, kwaye intlalo yoluntu kunye nezoqoqosho ayigxile. Iingcamango ezintsha kwiinkqubo zemali, imizekelo yomsebenzi weemarike, ngelixa uhlalutyo lobugcisa ludinga ukuba iingcali zifunde. Iyintoni umsebenzi wezinto ezintsha? Ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezikhankanywe ngasentla kwiimarike zehlabathi kukuxanduva lwale ngcali.
Yintoni "intsha"?
I-innovative yinto ekhethekileyo ekukhuthazeni amatsha amashishini kunye nolwazi kwiimarike, ebhenkcelela uluntu kwiinto ezintsha ezingavamile. Uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho lwe-Austrian Schumpeter yowokuqala ukunika oku okhethekileyo, kwaye eRashiya lelo thuba lalifundwa kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo. Iiyunivesithi ezininzi kweli lizwe ziqeqesha iingcali kule ndawo, ziqwalasela iimeko zangaphakathi zasekhaya.
Kukho imiqondiso enjalo yokutsha:
- esinobuqili;
- mfuneko;
- no kwenzeka;
- impembelelo eqhubekayo.
Ingongoma yokutsha imigaqo kunye nemithetho yeenkqubo ezintsha, iimodeli kunye nezindlela zophando, intlangano kunye nobunkokeli kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo:
- kazwelonke;
- kwingingqi;
- kumlinganiselo wamashishini ngamnye.
Ngaba kuyafaneleka ukuba ufunde kwizinto ezintsha?
Abafaki-zicelo abaninzi babonakalisa: ngaba kukufanelekile ukufunda ubuchule obutsha, kwaye bafuna ukufumana phi ithemba kwixesha elizayo ? I-innovative yinto ekhethekileyo efuna ulwazi olunzulu, iingcali ezizayo kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo zifundiswa:
- ukufumana nokuphuhlisa iimbono zeempahla kunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo kwiimarike;
- ukufundela ukutyekela kwehlabathi, kwaye ngokwezizathu zabo ukubala inani elifunekayo kunye neempahla eziyimfuneko kubantu;
- ukubona izingozi kunye neendleko;
- kubalwa kwamanzi;
- ukufumana imithombo yemali ekuphuhlisweni kweprojekthi.
Intsha yoLuntu
Ngokungafani nezinye iinkalo zenzululwazi, olu khetho lubuye luhlolisise ukutshintshwa kolunye uhlobo lweenkqubo zentlalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezithembekileyo, ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo ngokunyuka okuphezulu kwintengo yengqondo. Kukho ulwalathiso-uphuhliso lwentlalo, ezo zifundo ziguquka kwizinto kunye nezifundo zobunkokeli bezentlalo. Amanqaku aphezulu
- ukuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza;
- isisombululo seengxaki zamachiza, imfundo kunye nenkcubeko;
- utshintshiselwano lwamava ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe bezentlalo zaseYurophu: izibhedlele, ukuhlolwa kwendalo, ukulungiswa kwengqondo .
Uqoqosho olutsha
Uqoqosho lwezinto ezintsha lusekelwe ekuphuculeni rhoqo, ukuphuhliswa kwemveliso emitsha nexabiso, ngelixa iqela elibalulekileyo linikezelwa kubaqashi kunye nososayensi. Ngokweengcali, olu hlobo lophando lwezenzululwazi lunikeza ilizwe ithuba elihle. Iyintoni umsebenzi wezinto ezintsha? - Abaninzi abaprofesa kunye nabasunguli bezabelo babelana ngolwazi lwabo namhlanje. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukugqithisa kweengcamango, ilungelo lobunikazi kunye nobuchwephesha kubanika amandla:
- ukhuphiswano oluncedo kunye nophuhliso lwezoshishino;
- ukuveliswa kweemarike ezintsha;
- ukutshintsha iifom zangaphambili zentlangano kunye nobuchule obuninzi.
Innovation iyimfuneko
Yintoni ebandakanyekayo kwizinto ezintsha - ngokucacileyo, omnye umbuzo: ziphi zonke ezo zakhono ezisetyenziswayo? Abafundi abanamava banokufumana lula umsebenzi:
- kwicandelo le-IT;
- ishishini lokuloba kunye ne-patent;
- zebhanki kunye neendlela zokurhweba.
Ubungqina bolu qeqesho lunikeza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, njengeengcambu zeepistemological, ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezinye iingcali:
- qoqosho;
- ifilosofi;
- zentlalo;
- ukuthengisa kunye ne-informatics.
Ngubani omele asebenze emva kwezinto ezintsha?
Ngubani omele asebenze emva kobuchule be "innovation"? Ubuntu bokudala nobuchule - oku kuyona nto ikhethekileyo. Ukuvelisa, ukufunwa, ukuziqonda-konke oku kubakalisa abantu abatsha, ngoko akunzima ukufumana ukusebenzisa iitalente zabo kule ntsimi. Ingcali yongqinisiso yindawo yokulawula, ngoko ke, ukongeza kolwazi olufanelekileyo, umntu kufuneka abe neempawu zenkokheli, akwazi ukucwangcisa ulwazi oluninzi ngexesha elinye, ngokukhawuleza abale iimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye akwazi ukuthetha nabantu.
Ngokunyamezela nokunyamezela ukwenza ngokwenene umsebenzi, iingcali kwizinto ezintsha zifumana izikhundla zobuholi:
- abaphathi beeprojekthi;
- iingcali kwisicwangciso soshishino,
- abalawuli bezobugcisa.
Sifumene ukuba yintoni into entsha-indlela yokusebenza intombazana ngumbuzo wendalo. Olu lathiso luquka zombini inxalenye yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuthengisa enye, ngoko abaqeqeshi beekhono basebenza njengonjineli, abathengisi, abathengisi, abaphathi bezixhobo zakutsha kunye neenkqubo, ukuqhuba uphando oluzimeleyo. Iikholeji zamanyunivesithi zanamhlanje kwiinkqubela eziphuhlisayo zamazwe, imimandla, amashishini, iingcali ezintle zifumana umsebenzi kwiinkqubo zesebe ezijongene nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.