Umendo ukusuka kumfundi ukuya kwiindawo zobuxoki ngokujongana neengxaki. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokufundisa kuchaphazela ukuphumelela nokukhawuleza kokufunda, kuba ukusebenzisana komfundi kunye nootitshala kuyinkqubo efanayo, kuxhomekeke kwikhono lootitshala ukuba bafundise ngokufanelekileyo izinto eziphathekayo.
Ukwahlula iindlela zokufundisa
Iindlela zokufundisa ziindlela ezihlelekile zokubonelela ulwazi, izakhono nemikhwa evela kumfundisi kumfundi. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo ayinakwenzeka: ukuzaliseka kweenjongo kunye neenjongo, ulwazi kunye nokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Iindidi zendlela zokufundisa:
- Ukusebenza- kubhekiselele kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, injongo ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni izakhono zabafundi ekusebenzeni. Bakha isisiseko esiphezulu somsebenzi oqhubekayo kunye noqeqesho.
- Izindlela ezibonakalayo - zenziwa ngeendlela zokusebenzisana. Ukungeniswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuya kuba yimpumelelo kwaye kukhulisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokubona abantu.
- Izindlela zokufundisa izithethe zindlela zemveli ezazingathathwa nje kuphela kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Ngokuncedwa ngelizwi, ngexesha lesifundo ungadlulisela uluhlu olubanzi lweenkcukacha. Ishinti esichengechunge sokujonga siyabandakanyeka.
Iindlela zokufunda ezisebenzayo
Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokufundisa okanye ezisebenzayo zenzeka ngendlela yentando yesininzi kwaye zijoliswe ekusebenziseni ukucinga, ukuvuselela umsebenzi kubafundi, okuqinisekisa ukuba:
- ukubandakanyeka nokuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokufunda;
- ukukhuthazwa kwemisebenzi yemfundo;
- ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabafundi kunye notitshala;
- ukuthatha izigqibo ezizimeleyo kubafundi, enempembelelo entle ekukhuthazeni nasekuphuculeni iimvakalelo ezintle kwimisebenzi ephumelelayo;
- ubuchule obunzulu bezinto eziphathekayo ngenxa yesibonakaliso esifanayo kwimiphumo yemisebenzi.
Izindlela ezifanelekileyo zoqeqesho zibandakanya:
- umsebenzi webhubhoratri;
- iindibano zocweyo;
- nkomfa;
- tafile;
- iisemina;
- iingxoxo;
- Ukudlala;
- ingxoxo edibeneyo yeengxaki.
Iindlela zokufundisa
Iindlela zokuboniswa zokufundisa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwee-modern interactive, enye yezikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zokufunda izinto zokufundisa ngokugqibeleleyo. Njengendlela entsha - indlela yokusebenzisana yavela kwi-90 ye-XX yenkulungwane. kwaye isetyenziswe ngoku ngoku. Iindlela zokusebenzisana zijoliswe ekuxazululeni imisebenzi elandelayo:
- ukudala izimo ezintle kubafundi;
- uqeqesho ekunxibelelaneni nasekusebenzisaneni, umsebenzi weqela;
- ukwakheka kobuchule kunye nolwazi;
- Ukulwa iingxabano nokungavumelani ngexesha lokufunda.
Imizekelo yezindlela zokusebenzisana zezi:
- I-brainstorming njengendlela yokuqeqesha yaqulunqwa ekupheleni kwe-30. A. Osborne. I-Brainstorming ibandakanya izigqibo zokudala ezenza ukuba ziqulunqwe ngamanani amaninzi kwaye azihlalutyi kwinqanaba lokuqala.
- Indlela ye-synectics yindlela yokwenza izinto ezixhasayo. Ukuhlakulela ingcamango yokudala ngokubambisana kwezinto ezinobungozi ezingenasisiseko kwintetho kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bajonge amanqaku, okanye amanqaku okudibanisa nezinto ezingahambelaniyo.
Iindlela zokufunda ezingapheliyo
Iindlela zemveli zokufundisa okanye ukunyanzelisa ziqwalaselwa njengeklasikhi kwimfundo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kumaxesha anamhlanje. Imiba emihle yolo hlobo loqeqesho yinto enokwenzeka yokuhambisa ngomlomo inani elikhulu lempahla ngexesha elithile. Iingxaki zeendlela zomlomo zibandakanya uhlangothi olulodwa lwenkqubo (ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kootitshala kunye nomfundi).
Izindlela ezingapheliyo zibandakanya ezi ndlela zokuqeqesha ezilandelayo:
- Imfundiso (isifundo) - umxholo ohambelana nomfundisi wesifundo esithile ngesimo somlomo. Ukungeniswa kwezinto eziphathekayo nokuba ngumxholo othakazelisayo unomdla kumfundi, ukuba isithethi sinomdla kunye nomdla kwizodwa.
- Ikhosi yevidiyo yindlela yokufundisa yangoku. Unobungakanani obuphezulu, xa kusetyenziswa ngokubambisana neengxoxo eziphathekayo eklasini kunye notitshala nabanye abafundi.
- I-Seminar - iqhutywe emva kwekhosi yezifundo ngezihloko ezithile ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinto eziye zadlulelwa. Kukho iindlela zokuxhumana kunye neengxoxo ezimbini.
Iindlela zamhlanje zokufundisa
Inqanaba lemfundo likhula ngokukhawuleza, imfuneko yokuveliswa iyalulwa yilexesha ngokwalo. Izindlela zokufundisa ezintsha zaqala ukuqaliswa kwinkqubo yokufunda ngama-60 e-XX yenkulungwane. Iyakwamukelwa ukwahlula iindlela zokuhlaziywa kwezi ndlela ezi-2 kwiimpawu ezi-2: ukulinganisa (ukulinganisa - ekujoliswe ekudaleni imo engqongileyo) kunye nabangabalingisiyo.
Izindlela zokulinganisa zokufundisa:
- umdlalo;
- imidlalo ye-didactic (ngokomzimba, kwengqondo, kwengqondo);
- iiprojekthi zophando;
- imidlalo yokudlala (umdlalo wokungena kumsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweempawu).
Izindlela ezingabalulekanga zokufundisa:
- indlela yokwenza izibalo zamatrices amaninzi (ukuhlalutya kwemeko yeengxaki, ukucinga izinto ezingekhoyo);
- kwindlela yokuphambili;
- coaching;
- thethwano;
- iingxoxo.
Izindlela zokulawula nokuzithiba ekuqeqesheni
Ukuqeqeshwa yinkqubo efuna ukuba ihlolwe ukuze idibanise izinto ezifundwe ngabafundi kunye nendlela enzulu ngayo. Ukuba ubuchule bolwazi buphantsi, ootitshala bahlaziya kwaye bahlaziya iindlela kunye neendlela zokufundisa. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulawula inkqubo yokufunda:
- Ulawulo oluphambili - lwenziwa ekuqaleni kwonyaka wesikolo, ukuvavanya imeko epheleleyo yokulungiselela abafundi, ukulungisa iminyaka yangaphambili yokufunda.
- Ukulawulwa kwangoku kukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezigqityiweyo, ukuchongwa kwezikhelo zolwazi.
- Ulawulo lwe-Thematic - isihloko esiphezulu okanye icandelo elidlulileyo kufuneka lihlolwe, ngenxa yale njongo, iimvavanyo, iimvavanyo zenziwa.
- Ukuzithiba - le ndlela ibandakanya ukusebenzisana nemimiselo efanayo, izimpendulo zinikezelwa kwimisebenzi - injongo yomfundi kukufumana isisombululo esiza kukhokelela impendulo echanekileyo.
Ukukhetha iindlela zokufundisa
Ootitshala basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqeqeshwa kobugcisa kwinkqubo yokufundisa ngokuphumelelayo. Ukukhethwa kweendlela zokuqeqesha kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- iinjongo eziqhelekileyo kunye neenjongo zemfundo;
- izinga lokulungiselela abafundi;
- iimpawu zobutitshala;
- izixhobo eziphathekayo zeziko lemfundo (izixhobo zanamhlanje, izixhobo zobuchwepheshe).
Imiqathango yokusebenza kweendlela zokufundisa
Iindlela eziphumelelayo zemfundo zithatha umphumo ophezulu kwisiphumo sokuqeqesha, esiluncedo ngendlela yokulawula. Izindlela zokufundisa zinokuqwalaselwa ngempumelelo xa umfundi ebonisa:
- Ulwazi olunzulu, uyazi indlela yokunxibelelana nge-intersubject;
- ukulungele ukusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenweyo kwiimeko zangempela zobomi;
- ulwazi olusisiseko nolwazi, luyakwazi ukulungelelanisa nokubonisa.
Izindlela zokufundisa - iincwadi
Iindlela eziphambili zokufundisa zisetyenziselwa kwinkqubo yemfundo kunye namaziko asenkulanga kunye neeyunivesithi. Abantu abakhetha indlela yokufundisa kunzima ukuhamba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zeendlela. Uncwadi lwezakhono luya kunceda:
- "Iimfuno zokufunda: i-didactics kunye neendlela . " Iincwadi. isibonelelo kwiiyunivesithi, Krayevsky VV, Khutorskoy AV - Incwadi ichaza iindlela zokufundisa ootitshala banamhlanje.
- "Izindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufundisa: indlela entsha . " Genike E.A. unomdla kwaye uchaze ngokucacileyo iindlela ezintsha zokufundisa ezibandakanyekayo.
- "Pedagogy" (phantsi kwe-Pidkasistogo) . Iincwadi zezifundo zabafundi beekholeji zemfundo.
- "Izindlela zokufundisa izikhokelo zoluntu kwimfundo ephakamileyo . " Liaudis V.Ya. - kubafundi nootitshala.