Ngaphantsi kokuxilongwa kwezifo zokuphefumula (ARI) zibhekiselele kwizifo ezininzi zeendawo zokuphefumula, ezinokubangelwa yi:
- ii-pathogens (ezinye iintlobo ze-pneumococcus, i-Staphylococcus, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-Legionella, njl);
- ii-adenovirus, i-enteroviruses, i-virus ye-influenza, i-coronoviruses, njl.);
- ezixubileyo (i-virus-microbial).
Uphando olutsha kwimihlaba yokuqala kwezifo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba ngamanye ama-parasites e-intracellular efana ne-chlamydia kunye ne-mycoplasmas inokukhupha izifo eziqhelekileyo ze-ARI, kwaye zibangele.
Iimpawu neempawu zesifo
Impawu zokuqala ze-ARI zibonakala, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngosuku lwesithathu okanye lwesine emva kokusuleleka. Ngamanye amaxesha ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo landa ukuya kwiintsuku eziyi-10-12. Kubantu abadala, iimpawu zentsholongwane eziphefumulayo zibonakalisa kakuhle, ngokunyuka kancinci:
- impumlo ephuthumayo, impumlo ephothiweyo kunye nokukrazula kukubonakalisa uphawu oluqhelekileyo nolunobonakala;
- ukulila - kubakho kwiimeko ezininzi zesifo;
- Ukuphefumula emqaleni kunye nokubomvu, ngamanye amaxesha ukugubungela okumhlophe kunokwenzeka;
- izipho kunye neemeko zomkhuhlane;
- Ukwandiswa kwee-lymph nodes ezise entanyeni nangaphantsi kwemihlathi.
Ukongeza kwezi zinto, iimpawu eziphambili, i-ARI kubantu abadala ingaba nokubonakalisa okunjalo:
- Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, nangona kukho ukubola, kaninzi kuninzi kungabonwa okanye kukuncinci (37-37.5 degrees).
- Intloko, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukunyaniseka, izibilini ezinamahlunu kunye namalungu - zonke ezi zibonakaliso zempawu zobunxungu bexesha ngexesha le-ARI zibonakaliswe ngokungenakuqala ekuqaleni kwesi sifo.
- Isifo ngokuphefumula kwesifo esifumayo senzeke, kwiimeko ezininzi, ekuqaleni kunomileyo kwaye kumile. Ngexesha le sifo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhwehlela kuya kuba nzima kwaye kuqhubeke ixesha elithile emva kokunyamalala kweminye impawu.
- Xa unesifo se-adenovirus, kunokukho iimpawu ze-ARI ezifana nobuhlungu besisu kunye nobomvu bamehlo.
Njengomthetho, isifo esiyingozi sisifo seentsuku ezingama-6-8 kwaye sidlule ngaphandle kwemiphumo. Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ze-ARI zingaba:
- laryngitis ;
- bronchitis;
- pharyngitis;
- pneumonia.
Izibonakaliso zomkhuhlane
Olunye uhlobo lwesifo sokuphefumula sisifo somkhuhlane. Ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kunye nale ntsho longwane ihluke ngokugqithisileyo kwezinye iARI. Kuba umkhuhlane ubonakala ngokuqaqambile kwesi sifo ngeempawu ezinjalo:
- ukushisa okuphezulu (kufika kuma-39-40 degrees), ukuqhubeka kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4;
- uyaphikisana nentlungu emehlweni;
- ukuxiliswa komzimba (ukusabela kwamehlo ekukhanyeni, ukujuluka, ubuthakathaka, ukuzondla);
- Ukunyuka okulula kwempumlo, ukukrazula.
Ukususela kwicala le-nasopharynx, kwiintsuku zokuqala zesi sifo, kunokwenzeka ukugcina i-hyperemia yesalathisi kunye nodonga olusemva kwe-pharyngeal ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kwakhona. I-plaque emhlophe, njengomthetho, ayikho, kwaye ukubonakala kwayo kungabonisa ukufikeleleka kwesinye isifo okanye isifo nge-angina, kunokuba i-influenza.
Isiqhamo singekho okanye senzeke ngosuku lwesibini sesi sifo kwaye sihambe kunye nentlungu kwimizi ye-thoracic, echazwe ukuvuvukala kwi-trachea.
Kwakhona, into ephawulekayo yalolu hlobo lwesifo sokuphefumula sisifo se-lymph nodes.
Emva kokuphulukana, ixesha elithile, malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwi-15, iimpawu ze-asthenic syndrome zingaphikelela:
- ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza;
- buthathaka;
- intloko.
Iingxaki emva kokuba umkhuhlane ungaba nzima kakhulu. Ukongezelela ekudlibeni kwezifo ezingapheliyo, i-influenza ingabangela ukusuleleka kwe-bacterial secondary. Ezi zi:
- otitis media;
- eustachiitis ;
- sinusitis;
- pneumonia.
Kwabadala, umkhuhlane ungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwisimo senhliziyo.