I-Bilirubin yinkampani yamakhemikhali, enye yezona zinto eziphambili ze-bile eziveliswa ngama-cell cell kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokugaya. I-pigment enetyhefu eyenziwa xa i-erythrocytes eyonakalisiweyo okanye eyonakaliswe yiyo yigazi, kwaye oku kwenzeka kwiteyile. Ngaphezu koko, i-bilirubin ingene kwiiyunithi zesibindi ize iphenduke enye, ifom.
Iziqendu ze-bilirubin
I-Bilirubin emzimbeni womntu kwaye, ngokukodwa kwigazi, imele iintlobo ezimbini zeengxenyana:
- Inxalenye engacacanga (yamahhala) , eyinxalenye ye-bile pigment, engenayo into emanzi kunye nokukwazi ukugqithisa kwi-membranes yeseli kwaye iphazamise umsebenzi wayo.
- Ingqungquthela ngqo (eboshwe) , efunyenwe ngokudibanisa i-bilirubin yamahhala kwi-hepatocytes kunye neendawo ezizinzileyo.
Isisombululo esingaqondanga ngqo kunye ne-bilirubin ngqo kwigazi lilonke (lilonke) li-bilirubin, ukuzimisela okuqhutyelwa ngexesha lokufunda ngegazi ngegazi. Makhe siqwalasele, sisiphi isigqirha okanye isantya se-bilirubin ngokubanzi kwigazi kwabasetyhini kwaye malunga naluphi uhlalutyo lwesicatshulwa esinikwe.
Isiqhelo se-bilirubin epheleleyo egazini
Ukufumanisa i-bilirubin epheleleyo equlethwe kwinkqubo yokujikeleza, igazi lithathwe kwi-vein ulinar ngexesha lokusa kwisisu esingenalutho. Zinokusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlalutya. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela umgangatho wohlalutyo. Ngaloo ndlela, iziphumo zingaphawula ukuba ngaba ngaphambi kokuba kufundwa isigulane sithathe amalungiselelo e-steroid, i-erythromycin, i-phenobarbital, idliwe ukutya kunye ne-high carotenoids (iinqotyi, i-apricot). Iimpawu ezingenakucatshangelwayo zinokumiselwa yiphutha labasebenzi bezempilo abavumela ukuma kwezinto eziphantsi kokufunda ekukhanyeni, oko kubangele i-oxydation ye-serum.
Isiqhelo sabasetyhini lixabiso le-bilirubin elipheleleyo, eguqukayo ngaphakathi kwe-3.4 - 17.1 μmol / l (apho i-80% iwela kwiqhekeza engqalileyo). Kubantu, umda ophezulu wexabiso eliqhelekileyo loluphawu lusezantsi. Le nyaniso kukuba ngenxa yokuba inani elincinci le-erythrocytes liveliswa kumzimba wesetyhini. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ngeli xesha lokunyuka, ngokukodwa kwi-trimester yokugqibela, kunokubakho ubuncinane obuninzi bomgangatho wesibonakaliso esicatshulwayo, ngenxa yokuphulwa kwe-bile kwisibindi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokunikezelwa, ixabiso liqhelekile.
Ixabiso lokuxilonga lenkcazo ye-bilirubin iyonke
Ukuxinwa kwe-bilirubin epheleleyo kwimigudu yegazi inikeza ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nomgangatho we-metabolism ye-pigment emzimbeni, amandla okwenza izinto ezithatha inxaxheba kulolu dshintshiso, avumela oogqirha bezohlukeneyo ukuba baxilonge kwaye bavavanye ukuphumelela kokonyango kwezifo ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlalutyo lucetyiswa ukuba lube lukhunjulwe ngentsholongwane yesifo, i-hemolytic anemia. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba isalathisi sezinga le-bilirubin asiyivumeli ukuba sikwazi ngokucacileyo isizathu sokwanda kwayo. Ngoko ke, isifundo sifanele sizaliswe ngokufundisisa amaqhezu e-bilirubin egazini.
Ukuba ngethuba lokuhlalutya kunqunywe ukuba ukwanda kwe-bilirubin epheleleyo kubangelwa umxholo okwandisiweyo weqhekeza engqalileyo, oku kungabonisa:
- i-hemolytic anemia ;
- malariya;
- Isifo sikaGilbert;
- i-Kriegler-Nayar syndrome, njl.
Xa i-bilirubin iyonke yonyuka ngenxa yengxenzana eboshiweyo, umntu unokusolisa malunga:
- isifo seDabin-Johnson;
- i hepatitis;
- i-cirrhosis;
- i-cholelithiasis, njl
Ukugqithisa imimiselo yamabini omabini angachazela malunga neentlobo ezifana nezifo:
- umdlavuza wesibindi;
- i-alveococcosis yesibindi;
- i-virus ye-hepatitis, kunye nabanye.
Ukunciphisa i-bilirubin epheleleyo egazini igcinwa emva kokulahlekelwa kwegazi elikhulu lomzimba, ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yokudystrophy jikelele.