Isifo sikaHodgkin (i-Hodgkin's lymphoma, i-lymphogranulomatosis) sisifo esingenasweleko esinokuthi sihlakulele kubantwana nakubantu abadala, kodwa kudla ukufunyanwa ngamacandelo amabini: iminyaka engama-20-29 emva kweminyaka engama-55. Ebizwa ngesifo ngokuhlonipha ugqirha weNgesi u-T. Hodgkin, owathi wachaza okokuqala.
Isifo sikaHodgkin - yintoni na?
Isifo esicatshungulwayo sihlobo lesifo esibi esivela kwimizimba ye-lymphoid. Iimfuyo ze-lymphoid zimeleleke emzimbeni kwaye ziqukethe i-lymphocytes kunye neeseli ezichanekileyo, ezifumaneka ikakhulu kwii-lymph nodes kunye nezinye izitho (i-thymus gland, i-bone marrow, njl.
Izizathu zeengxaki zeHodgkin
Isi sifo siqala ukuphuhliswa ngenxa yesibonakalo kwiisistim ze-lymphatic zeeseli ezincinci ezifunyenweyo ekufundeni i-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekayo phantsi kwe-microscope. Nangona kunjalo, isizathu esona sikhokelo saloo maseli asikabikwa, kwaye uphando luqhutyelwa kule ndlela.
Ngokwezinye zeengcamango, isifo sinesifo esithintekayo, njengoko kubonakaliswe ukufunyanwa kwesiqingatha sezigulane nge-Epstein-Barr virus. Kukho ubungqina obuxhasa ukuhlanganiswa kwesifo sikaHodgkin kunye ne-mononucleosis.
Ezinye izinto ezikhuselayo zi:
- imiba eyahlukahlukeneyo yendalo, impembelelo yamachiza;
- imikhwa emibi;
- imfuza.
Izibonakaliso zezifo zeHodgkin
Ekubeni nayiphi na inxalenye yesikhumba se-lymphoid inokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye-pathological, ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kuhambelana nommandla wesilonda. Iimpawu zakhe zokuqala azifaneki zigulane eziphazamisayo, kuba banokuba khona kwezinye iintlobo zezifo.
Njengomthetho, isikhalazo sokuqala sidibene nokunyuka kwimizila ye-lymph niphonia kwimvelaphi yempilo epheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, okokuqala, i-lymph nodes zentsholongwane zichaphazelekayo, ngoko-axillary and inguinal. Ngokunyuka kwabo ngokukhawuleza, ukunyameka kwabo kuya kubonwa.
Kwezinye iimeko, izicubu ze-lymphoid zesifuba zithinteka kuqala. Emva koko isibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo sikaHodgkin singaba buhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuphefumula okufutshane okanye ukukhwehlela ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwimiphunga kunye ne-bronchi ye-lymph node. Xa izilonda ze-lymph nodes zezigulane zesisu ezisisisu sezikhalaza ngokungahambi kakuhle kunye nentlungu esiswini, ukulahleka kwesidlo.
Emva kwexesha elithile (ukususela kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela), inkqubo yokugulisa isifo iyayeka ukuba yindawo, isifo sifana nesisifo se-lymphism yomzimba wonke. Zonke i-lymph nodes, kaninzi kunye ne-spleen, isibindi, amathambo akhula.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kubonakalisa ngeempawu:
- intlungu kwizitho zangaphakathi, amathambo;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukukhupha ebusuku;
- buthathaka;
- ukukhumba isikhumba kwindawo ye-lymph nodes (ngakumbi emva kokusela utywala);
- ukulahleka kwesisindo.
Unyango lweZifo zeHodgkin
Namhlanje, iindlela ezilandelayo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha isifo sikaHodgkin:
- yonyango;
- i-chemotherapy kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza;
- ukudibanisa unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy;
- i-chemotherapy kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo okwandisa iziyobisi kunye nokunyuka kwamathambo okuthutha.
Njengomthetho, ikhosi yokuqala yokuqala yonyango iqalisa kwisilwanyana esibhedlele, kwaye emva koko izigulane ziqhubeka unyango kwisithuba sokugula.
Isifo sikaHodgkin sisiphumo
Izindlela zamanje zokonyango kwesi sifo zinganikeza ukuxolelwa kwexesha elide kwaye lize liphelele (ngamanye amaxesha ngamatyala angakuhoywa). Kukholelwa ukuba izigulane zokuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo ziphela iminyaka engama-5 emva kokugqitywa kweyeza kuza kugqitywa.