Inkqubo yezemfundo yase Bologna

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-millennium entsha, inkqubo yezemfundo ephakamileyo kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu kunye nabase-USSR basebenze utshintsho ngenxa yenkqubo ye-Bologna. Isiqalo esisemthethweni sobukhompyutheni kwinkqubo ye-Bologna ngumhla ka-Julayi 19, 1999, xa abameli abavela kumazwe angama-29 basayina iSibhengezo sase-Bologna. Namhlanje, ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo ye-Bologna kuvunyiwe ngamazwe angama-47, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule nkqubo.

Inkqubo yezemfundo yase-Bologna ijolise ukuletha imfundo ephakamileyo kwimigangatho emanyeneyo, ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yemfundo. Kuyacaca ukuba iinkqubo zemfundo ezizimeleyo zihlala ziba ngumqobo kubafundi kunye nabaphumelele kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, ukuphuhliswa kwesayensi kwindawo yaseYurophu.

Imisebenzi ephambili ye-Bologna Process

1. Ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo yokudibanisa idiploma, ukwenzela ukuba bonke abaphumeleleyo kwizikolo ezibandakanyekayo babe neemeko ezilinganayo zengqesho.
2. Ukudala kwenkqubo ephakamileyo yemfundo ephakamileyo. Inqanaba lokuqala yiminyaka eyi-3-4 yokufunda, ngenxa yoko umfundi efumana idiploma yemfundo ephakamileyo jikelele kunye neyureji ye-bachelor degree. Icandelo lesibini (akunyanzelekanga) - ngaphakathi kwe-1-2 leminyaka umfundi ufundela ingcali ethile, ngenxa yoko ufumana i-degree degree. Ukugqiba oko kukuthi, bhetele okanye inkosi , uhlala kumfundi. Inkqubo yezemfundo yase-Bologna ichaze amanyathelo acingisisa iimfuno zeemarike zabasebenzi. Umfundi unokukhetha - ukuqala ukusebenza emva kweminyaka emine okanye uqhubeke noqeqesho kwaye ahlanganyele kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nophando.
3. Isingeniso kwiiyunivesithi "zeeyunithi zokulinganisa" zemfundo, inkqubo eqondwa ngokubanzi yokudluliselwa kunye nokuqokelela iikhredithi (i-ECTS). Inkqubo yokuhlola yase-Bologna inomlinganiselo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wezemfundo. Imboleko enye iphakathi kweeyure ezingama-25 zokufunda ezithengwa kwiintetho, ukufundisisa ngokuzimeleyo kweso sifundo, ukudlulisa iimviwo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiyunivesithi kwishedyuli yenziwa ngendlela yokuba i-semester yayinethuba lokugcina iikredithi ezingama-30. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabafundi kwi-Olympiads, iincomfa zibalwa ngamanqaku angaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, umfundi unokufumana i-degree-bachelor degree, eneeyure eziyi-180-240 ze-credit, kunye ne-degree degree, ethola enye iikhredithi ezingama-60-120.
4. Inkqubo yemboleko inika abafundi kuqala inkululeko yokuhamba. Ekubeni i-Bologna inkqubo yokuvavanya ulwazi olutholileyo iyaqondakala kuwo onke amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kumazwe athatha inxaxheba, ukudluliselwa kwelinye iqumrhu ukuya kwelinye akuyi kuba yingxaki. Ngendlela, i-credit system ayikhathaleli abafundi kuphela, kodwa nootitshala. Umzekelo, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe elihambelana neprogram ye-Bologna akuyi kuphazamisa amava, yonke iminyaka yomsebenzi kuloo mmandla iya kubalwa kwaye iyavunyelwa.

Iinkonzo kunye nexhala leprogram ye-Bologna

Umbuzo weprogram kunye neqhinga leprogram yezemfundo yase-Bologna ivela kwihlabathi. IMelika, nangona inomdla kwiziko lemfundo eliqhelekileyo, ayisayi kuba liqela Inkqubo ngenxa yokunganeliseki kwenkqubo yokuboleka imali. E-US, uvavanyo lusekelwe kwinani elikhulu leezinto, kwaye ukulula kweenkqubo akufanelanga abantu baseMerika. Iingxaki ezithile ze-Bologna ziyabonakala kwithuba le-Soviet. Inkqubo yezemfundo yaseRomora eRussia yamkelwa ngo-2003, kwiminyaka emibini kamva inkqubo yezemfundo yase-Bologna e-Ukraine yaba yintloko. Okokuqala, kula mazwe i-degree-bachelor's degree isingabonakali njengento epheleleyo, abaqeshi abakhawuleziyo ukusebenzisana "neengcali" . Okwesibini, okunjalo kunye nokuhamba kwabafundi, ukukwazi ukuhamba nokufunda kwamanye amazwe kubafundi abaninzi banxulumene, kuba kubandakanya iindleko ezinkulu zemali.