Indlela yokuhlwayela iikomkom kwiimbewu ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isivuno esihle?

Ukuba awukwazi kusengaphambili indlela yokutshala iikomkom kwiimbewu ngokuchanekileyo, awukwazi nje ukulimaza isivuno, kodwa ngokubanzi sihlala ngaphandle kwayo. Izithombo zifuna ukudala imeko ekhethekileyo ukuze emva kokudluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile abagulayo okanye bafe ngaphandle kokunyamekela nokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo.

Ikhukhamba izithombo - ukukhula ekhaya

Ukuhlwayelwa kwembewu kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini: ukuhlwayela kuqhutyelwa ngqo kwibhedeni, okanye izitshalo zihanjiswa kwiikasesetti ukuya kwibhedi. Indlela yokuqala ivelisa isityalo esincinci, kuba ngexesha lokuhlwayela umhlaba phantse lihlala lingashushu. Ukukhula izithombo zamakhukhamba uthembisa umphumo wokufaneleka - imifuno ingavunwa kwangaphambili, kuba izityalo zilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Ukuze bakwazi ukuqina, kubalulekile:

• rhoqo amanzi amanzi;
• unikeze ulawulo lokushisa olufunekayo;
• ukuphepha iiprojekti;
• kutyalwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokutya kunye nezikhuni ezikhuselekileyo zendalo.

Nini ukutshala iikomkom for izithombo?

Le nkcubeko ngenye yeentando zothando, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubushushu bomoya kunye nomgangatho wokufudumala komhlaba ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwezityalo. Imigaqo yokuhlwayela iikomkom for izithombo zibalwa ngokulandela umgaqo olandelayo:

1. Xa izityalo zihlwayelwe kwintsimi, iqondo lokushisa limele libe li-15 ° C. Ngexabiso eliphantsi, iicucumber isiko sikhula.
2. Kwimozulu epholileyo, ezo zimo zivela kufutshane nokuqala kukaMeyi, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukutshala imbewu ngokuchanekileyo kwimini yokuqala ka-Epreli.
3. Ukuba imifuno ikhula emaphandleni asezantsi, eli xesha liya kuhlehliselwa phakathi koMatshi.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yekhukhamba yokuhlwayela kwiimbewu

Ukukhawulezisa i-fruiting akulona nzima ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto zokutyala. Ukulungiselelwa kwembewu yamakhukhamba okutyalwa kwiimbewu zenzelwe:

1. Ukucoca. Kwaphela inyanga kufuneka zigcinwe kufuphi namacebo okufudumala kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-25 ° C, ukwenzela ukuba banike amahlumela abanobuhlobo emva kokugqiba ekubeni batyala.
2. Ukukhutshwa komzimba. Imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ngeeyure eziyi-2-3.
3. Ukuvuvukala. Imbewu ehlanjwe igcinwe kwingubo emancinci okanye i-cotton pads kwindawo ebumnyama ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukukhahlela.

Umhlaba ukwenzela izityalo zamakhukhamba

Ungazami ukukhulisa amahlumela ezweni elithathwe kwintsimi: lihlwempu kwaye lizele izifo kunye nezidalwa eziyingozi kwiimbewu. Ukulungiswa komhlaba kwiingcambu zamakhukhamba kubandakanya ukuveliswa komxube womhlaba olula kwaye ocebileyo. I-Optimum ifanele iifom efana nale:

1. 2 izingxenye ze-peat, ii-2 ze-sawdust okanye i-bark ye-wood, 1 inxalenye ye-humus.
2. 1 inxalenye yomhlaba we-sod, ii-2 ze-compost okanye i-humus.
3. 5 izingxenye ze-peat, 1 inxalenye ye-Mullein kunye neengxenye ezi-2 zomgquba.

Indlela yokuhlwayela iikomkom kwiimbewu?

Imbewu elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo iqala ukuhluma kwiimeko zegumbi ukufumana izityalo ezinempilo ezifanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukutshintshwa kwisiza sokukhula esingunaphakade. Kukho iindlela ezithandwayo zokukhuphula izithombo zekhukhamba:

1. Ukufika kwiibhokisi. Ithatha ukukhethwa ngokulandelelana kwinqanawa elincinci lomkhumbi. Inkqubo efanayo ebizwa ngokuthi "ihluma kwi-cochlea" - ibhokhwe engavamile- "shank".
2. Ukutyala kwembewu yamakhukhamba zibe yizicwenga kwiikomityi zeplastiki okanye iphepha le-honeycomb. Umxube womhlaba osetshenzisiweyo kufuneka ulungiswe ngokuthotyelwa ngokucoca ngamaminerali.
3. Ukulima kwiikopi. Izinto ezivela kuzo zineziqhamo ezivumela ukuba iingcambu zihlume kuyo ngaphandle kokulimala.

Ukutshala iikomkom kwiipatti zeepatta zeetyala

Esi sitya sibhekwa njengendalo: sisetyenzisiwe kanye kuphela kwaye sidibene ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni. Ukuhlalwa kwezimbewu zamakhukhamba kwiipatti zepiat kufuneka kuqalwe ngokukhupha izitya ngaphakathi kwamanzi, emva koko kufuneka zomiswe kwakhona kwaye zenziwe ngaphantsi kwembalo nganye. Ukuhlwayela imbewu, kuya kufuneka ulandele umyalelo othile:

1. Ibhokhwe ayigcwaliswanga phezulu kakhulu: umgama ukusuka kumgangatho womxube womhlaba kumda kufuneka ube ngu-1-1.5 cm.
2. Imbewu 2-3 ifakwa kwisitya ngasinye. Ngaphandle kwabalimi beloli abajwayelene nendlela yokuhlwayela nayiphi na iikhukhamba kwiimbewu ngokuchanekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha bafumana ukuba inxalenye yezilimo ayiyi kuhluma. Ukuba imbewu eninzi ivela embhodweni omnye, kamva iyakutshintshwa.
3. Iindawo zokuhlala eziphezulu zihlanganiswe nomhlaba kwaye zihlanganiswe nefilimu yokutya iintsuku ezi-4-5.

Ukutshala ukhukhamba zibe zihluma kwi-cochlea

Kukho ezinye iindlela zokuhluma, ukugcina indawo kwindawo. Le yinkalo yamakhukhamba kwi "cochlea", ehlanjwe kwifilimu kwaye ibhodwe, yahlula ngamacandelo amaninzi. Ukuze uyenze, uya kuyidinga: isitya esingenanto, ifilimu okanye i-substrate yokuqhafaza, iinqwelo zeerubha kunye nomhlaba. Ukuhlwayela imbewu kwi "nkonkqo", kufuneka:

1. I-Ribbon ye-10-cm-width ifakwe kwisinye icala, ngokwawo u-1 cm uthululwa kuso, okumele kutyunjwe ngeminwe.
2. Imbewu ikwabekwe kuyo yonke ubude befilimu, kumgama we-2 cm ukusuka kwelinye lamaphethelo. Bamele bafezeke ngokulula umhlaba, ekubeni uthaka ukhukhamba kwiimbewu ngokuchanekileyo, ukuba zihambelane ngokuqinile kwi-polyethylene, aziyi kusebenza.
3. I-ribhoni kunye nomhlaba kunye nembewu ifakwe kwi-roll ukuze ifane nomqulu. "Inkonkco" ixutywe ngebhanki e-elastic kwaye ifakwe kwibhodlela elibala.

Ukunyamekela izithombo zamakhukhamba ekhaya

Xa kukho amahlumela, izimbiza zidluliselwa kwi window window. Izigaba ezibalulekileyo, ezibandakanya ukunyamezela izithombo zamakhukhamba emva kokuba zihlume, zihlambulula kwaye zigqoke phezulu. Iingcebiso eziphambili zi:

1. Ukuphuza rhoqo. Amanzi akufanele afakalise iingcambu, ngoko kuya kuchaneka ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-drip.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi. Ixesha elilodwa licebisa umhlaba nge nitrogen kunye ne-magnesium, ezama ukungahambi kumagqabi kunye neziqu.
3. Ukuqulunqwa kwehlathi. Akwanele ukwazi ukutshala iikomkom kwiimbewu ngokuchanekileyo, kuba kufuneka kwakhona uqinisekise ukuba amahlumela awawulwanga. Bamele bafumane isixa esibalulekileyo sokukhanya: ukuba akukho ilanga elaneleyo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isibane ngaphezu koko.

Ukucoca izithombo zekhukhamba

Ukuba izityalo zakhula kwisitya esifanayo, ngoko kubonakala kwimiqabunga e-3-4 kufuneka ihanjiswe kwisitya esiqhelekileyo kumxube omtsha womhlaba. Ukuhamba ngeekhukhamba ziyakwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, izitya zokufakela izitshalo zilungiselelwe-iiplastiki zeplastiki okanye i-cassette yepeat. Zizaliswe umhlaba kumhlaba we-sod, i-peat kunye ne-sawdust.
2. Izityalo zityiliswa ngokubanzi, kwaye zikhishwe ngeplastiki.
3. Kwiikomityi zokukhethwa kwangaphambili, ukucinywa kwenziwe, apho kufuneka kutyalwe khona izityalo, ezimele zinyanzelwe kwii-cotyledons.

Izifo zeekhukhamba zezithombo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindawo ekhulayo, abalimi bajongana nokunyamekela imifuno eneengxaki ezifanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphi izifo zeekhukhamba zezityalo kunye nezo unyango, ukuxilongwa kufuneka kuqalwe ngokufunda utshintsho olwenzeka ngesityalo:

1. Ukuba amaqabunga aphenduhlaza, izithombo zingabi ncitshulwa. Ukunciphisa ubuncinci okanye ukungafumaneki kwe-potassium kunikeza amahlumela umthunzi ohlukile.
2. Xa imingxuma emikhulu ibonakala phezu kwamagqabantshintshi, ikhuselekile ukutsho ukuba ihlalwe ibhere, leyo ingasuswa kalula kunye nomxube weviniga kunye nompompo omnyama.
3. Ukugubungela okuMhlophe kwiimpawu zezityalo ezifakwe ngu-powdery mildew. Amahlumela achaphazelekayo ayanqunyulwa, onke amaninzi - athatyathwa ngomxube omanzi we-soda ash kunye nesepha.
4. Ukugqithisa kwamakhukhamba kubangela ukubola kweengcambu : izityalo ziyafa ngokuqinisekileyo xa umhlaba ungasanxiliswa kakuhle, emva kokuxubusha kunye neConvicur.