Ukungakhuselekanga yikhono lomzimba ukuphazamisana nomsebenzi weebhaktheriya, i-toxins nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ngoku kwahlula iintlobo ezinjenge-congenital and acquired, ezahlukana ngokwahlukileyo ngezinye iifom, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yendalo kunye neemeko zophuhliso.
Iintlobo eziphambili zokhuseleko lomntu
Ukungakhuselekanga kudlala indima yokhuselo olukhusela umntu kummandla. Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukugcina impilo yomzimba kunye nomsebenzi wayo oqhelekileyo.
Iintlobo eziphambili ze-immunity zifa kwaye zifunyenwe, ezahlula zibe:
- esebenzayo;
- i-passive.
Umzimba ongasenanto, obizwa ngokuba yi-humoral, unxulumene neempawu zomzimba, ezithunyelwa ngokuzalwa ngelifa.
Ifomu esebenzayo ikhula emva kokuphelisa izifo. Kule meko, imemori ye-immune ibunjwa kwibhakteriki ethile.
Ifom ye-Passive yenziwa ngexesha lophuhliso lomntwana ngexesha lothutho lwe-antibodies ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana, apho isimo sengqondo kunye nendalo ibamba indima ebalulekileyo.
Amakhono okukhusela afunyenweyo aphuhliswa kulo lonke ubomi. Isistim sokuzivikela somntu sithetha ukuba ubukho beentlobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nokusebenza kunye nokungenzi.
Ngohlobo olusebenzayo lokuzikhusela luqala ukusebenza emva kwesi sifo.
I-Passive ifumaneka ngenxa yokugonywa okanye ukufakwa kwe-serum yokwelapha, okubangelwa kwiintlobo zokuzikhusela:
- ubomi;
- okwethutyana.
Isifo sokugonya sihlobo lokuzikhusela
Ifomu yokufakelwa ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-post-vaccination, njengoko yenziwe emva kokusetyenziswa kweigonti eziveliswe kwiiseli zebhakteria, ezibangele ukubunjwa kwamagciwane okukhusela.
Umkhuhlane osebenzayo ubonakaliswe yimveliso engcipheko, ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezimbini. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya sokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yokukhusela, bonke abantu banokuhlulwa ngohlobo lokuzikhusela kwi:
- ngokukhawuleza - kwiiveki ezimbini;
- ukuphuza - kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.
Umkhuhlane okhuselekileyo owenziwe emzimbeni ngexesha elifutshane kunye nokugcina iipropati zayo zokukhusela iiveki eziyi-8. Indlela yokugonywa imveliso ivelisa iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza kunomsebenzi osebenzayo. Ngoko ke, ukugonywa kuyimfuneko ukukrazula i-anthrax, i-diphtheria, i- tetanus kunye nezinye izifo.
Ukuba imisebenzi yokukhusela ikhula kwinkqubo yomsebenzi obalulekileyo, ngoko-mzimba kunye neendidi zayo zibizwa ngokuthi zendalo.
Ifom esebenzayo ifumene igama elinjalo ngenxa yokuba umzimba ngokwawo uhlakulela ukungqinanga kwamanye amazwe. Le ntlobo nayo ibizwa ngokuba yintsholongwane yokusuleleka, kuba ukubunjwa kwayo kwenzeka xa i-pathogen ingena emzimbeni kwaye isulelekile.
Ukongeza kwezi fom, kukho ezinye iindidi ze-immunity, ezahlula zibe yinto engokwemvelo kunye nemvelo:
- oyinyumba;
- engekho oyinyumba.
Udidi olungumzimba luquka umzimba onjalo, apho emva kwesifo esiphilisiweyo umzimba ulahla i-pathogen.
Umntu ongeyena oyinyumba ngumzimba wokukhusela umzimba, ukubunjwa kwawo akuhambisani nokufa kweebhaktheriya. Oku kufana nezifo ezingapheliyo, ezifana ne-brucellosis, isifo sofuba, isifo se-syphilis. Emva kokuba isifo sesifo sofuba emzimbeni sigcine i-mycobacteria, enokuthi ingabonwa ngobomi, ngaloo ndlela yenze i-immunity immunity. Nangona i-agent causative iya kuhlala isebenza, kuya kuba nomqobo wokukhusela kumzimba. Xa ihlabathi lenyama lifa, ukulahlekelwa yintsholongwane engaphelelanga.