Amagilebhisi afanelekile kwizifo ezininzi ezithathelwanayo kwaye ezingenasifo, kwaye zihlala zihlaselwe ziintlobo. Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga naziphi iintlobo ezinambuzane zezidiliya, kwaye malunga nemilinganiselo engundoqo yokulwa nabo.
Spider mite
Ukongeza kwiidiliya, i- spider mite iphazamisa ezinye iintlobo ezingama-200 zezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Uyondla ijusi yamagqabantshi, ahlala phantsi kweqabunga aze aphile apho ade atshabalalise zonke izondlo kuwo. Emva koko i-mite iya kwelinye iqabunga lamagilebhisi, njalo njalo. Amaqabunga, aphethwe yi-disest, aphendukile okanye aphenduke obomvu, aze aphendule obomvu aze atyeke. Amahlumela amancinci eklasini elimele akhula ngakumbi kwaye akhule ngokukhawuleza kunokuba eqhelekileyo. Ikhakiti ichaphazela iidiliya ngokwabo: ziba nzima ngakumbi, i-sugar content iyancipha.
Igama le nambuzane lavela ngenxa yakhe "umkhwa" wokukhwela indawo yakhe yokuhlala kunye namacwebhu. Ngokwale mpawu, indawo yayo ingaqalwa ngokulula ukuze kuthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngexesha. Ukukhusela izithelo zamagilebhisi kwizidumbu ze-mite acaricides zisetyenziselwa (amalungiselelo eSanayay, Neoron, Aktelik, Omayt kunye nabanye), kunye ne-insecticides ene-sulfure.
Umdiliya
Le nkathazo, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-"phytoptus", inokuchaphazela kuphela iintlobo zeediliya, eziqhelekileyo ezingama-hybrid. Kwiphezu elingaphezulu leqabunga lamagilebhisi, elichaphazelekayo ngokutshabalala, kukho iigercercles, kunye nezantsi-ezihambelana nezibonda ezigqutywe ngeenwele. Umphumo othe ngqo wolu "msebenzi" wokubamba ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-photosynthesis yeqabunga, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo amaqabunga aphendukile aze awele. Nangona kunjalo, kwiintlobo zeediliya i-zuden ayifuni.
Ukucubungulwa kwamagilebhisi kwiintlobo ezinjalo ezinambuzane njenge-spider mite kunye neengcambu zamagilebhisi zenziwa ngokugqibeleleyo ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ukudibanisa kunye nemilinganiselo yokulwa namaqabunga amaqabunga, aya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi. Ukukhusela ngokugqithiseleyo kwamagilebhisi avela kwiinambuzane ezitya amaqabunga, sebenzisa i-insectoacaricides.
Philloxera
I-Phylloxera yinkathazo eyona yingozi kwiidiliya. Yinto yeentlobo ze-aphids - ezinambuzane ezincinci ezondla kwijusi yezityalo, kwaye zihlala kwiidiliya kuphela. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-phylloxera - gallic (leafy) kunye neengcambu.
Iintlobo zokuqala zihlala kuphela kumagqabi, zihlala phantsi kweqabunga lamagilebhisi. Ngelo xesha, i-blisters ivela kuyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-galls, apho ipillloxera ihlala khona. Ukuba awuyilwa, usulelo luya kusuka kumagqabi ukuya kuma-antennae, ukusika kunye neziqu zeediliya.
Ingcambu ye-phylloxera ithintela, ngokulandelanayo, inkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo. Nge-proboscis yayo ebukhali, i-larva yayo ihlaba izicubu zesitshixo okanye ingcambu kwaye ixoshe zonke izondlo (i-carbohydrates, amafutha kunye nama-proteine) aguqulwa yi-enzymes yamathambo ayo abe yinto ehambelanayo yokuchithwa kwayo.
Ukutshiza iidiliya kwiinambuzane kungenye yezindlela zokulwa ne-phylloxera. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwee-insecticides ezikhethekileyo (i-Confidor, iAktelik, njl.), Ukulima komhlaba ngamafiigulants, kunye nokulima kwenhlabathi evelisa amagilebhisi engaxhomekanga kwi-phylloxera (udongwe, i-silty, i-solonetsous okanye i-sands) nazo zindlela ezithandwayo. Yaye indlela eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yindawo yokutywinjwa - iyancipha yonke i-foci yesifo kwi-quarantine zone.
Iphepha leShicilelo
Ngokungafani namabhungane - iintlobo zeedilibini , iifomms - oku akuzona iindlovukazi ezingenakubungozi. Bonakalisa iidiliya, eziza kuqala ukuhlakulela izilwanyana ezinobungozi, kubangela ukubola kwesityalo. Kwizithuba zethu zentlupheko, ezi zilandelayo zintathu zeepapasho ziqhelekileyo:
- i-grozdevaya - ibhontshi ebomvu okanye ebomvu, echaphazela kakhulu amajikijolo kunye namaqanda omdiliya;
- Uneminyaka emibili ubudala - inambuzane encinane yombala ophuzi obomvu, obangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-inflorescences kunye ne-ovary encinane yeidiya;
- ibhabhathane eliphakathi kwamagilebhisi, edla amaqabunga amancinci entwasahlobo entwasahlobo.