Ukuzalwa komntwana onokwenza okuthile ukuphuhliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlala kuba buhlungu kunye nokuthungelwa kwabazali. Ngethamsanqa, iyeza zanamhlanje zinokukwazi ukubona iziphene zentuthuko yesisu ngisho nakumazinga okuqala, okunika ithuba lokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo kunye nesisombululo malunga nokuqhubeka kwesigxina.
Iingxaki zobungqina bentsholongwane
Kukho uluhlu olukhulu lwezinto ezibangele ukuvela kwezinto ezingavamile ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ngaphakathi kwesibeleko. Ezi ziquka:
- ifa okanye ufumane ukungaziphathi kakuhle;
- i radiation ionizing;
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-Fetal kunokubangelwa sisifo;
- a mayeza a
- imikhwa emibi yabazali;
- umsebenzi ohambelana nezinto ezinobuthi okanye iikhemikhali, kunye nezinto ezinjalo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwintsapho ephilileyo kunye necocekileyo ingakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo ukubola komntwana. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha uxanduva ngokufanelekileyo malunga nokucwangciswa kokukhulelwa kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo leemvavanyo neemfuno eziyimfuneko.
Ukuxilongwa kweentlungu ze-fetus
Ukuhlolwa komfazi okhulelwe ukuba kubakho ukungaqhelekanga kumntwana kuvela kumanyathelo amaninzi kwaye kuyimfuneko. Ngoko, umzekelo, ukuba umfazi ngenxa yezizathu ziwela kwiqela leengozi, ngoko kwiiveki ezi-11 ukuya ku-13 kufuneka aqhube izifundo ukuze abone iziphene zentuthuko yomntwana. Ezi ziquka ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ngokubanzi.
Kwinqanaba lesibini, eliwela kwiiveki ezingama-16 ukuya kwe-18, kuyimfuneko ukudlulisa uhlalutyo oluthathu lwe-biochemical ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubantwana bokukhula , iziphumo zazo zichasene okanye ziqinisekiswa yi-ultrasound. Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ubukho bamakishi abakhethekileyo abangabonisa ubukho beenkqubo ezingaqhelekanga ekuphuhliseni umntwana ngaphakathi kwesibeleko.
Yonke idatha efunyenwe ngenxa yokuzimisela ukuphuhliswa kokukhula komntwana kufundwa ngokuthe ngqalelo kwaye ifaniswe neengcali ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha. Kodwa ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo kusekwa kuphela ekunikezeni uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo. Uninzi lweentlungu ze-fetus zenziwe ngumgaqo we-chorion biopsy, uphando lwe-amniotic fluid kunye negazi ukusuka kwintambo yomntwana.
Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zokukhula kwangaphakathi kwintsana
Isifo senhliziyo emntwaneni sisakhiwo esingaqhelekanga senhliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, ukubekwa okwenzeka kakade kwiiveki ezi-2-8 zokukhulelwa. Naliphi na umama onokujamelana nalo mcimbi, kungakhathaliseki ubudala okanye indlela yokuphila.
Kodwa izizathu eziqhelekileyo zesifo senhliziyo kumntwana zi:
- ukuzalwa;
- zendalo ezimbi;
- usulelo lwe-intrauterine;
- ukuphazamiseka komzimba kumama okanye kumntwana;
- Isifo senhliziyo esasibanjelwe ngumntwana esiswini kumphumo kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, iicicin okanye iziyobisi.
Esi sifo singasungulwa kokubili kwisigaba sokuthoba, kwaye emva kwexesha emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Iimpawu zesiphene sentliziyo emntwaneni zichongwa ngokuphonononga ngokucophelela ngomshini we-ultrasound kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokuhlalutya. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokucacileyo impawu zeemiphunga zengqondo zomzimba zibonakaliswa emva kokuzalwa komntwana, xa ugqirha ebona i-cyanosis okanye i-pallor yolusu, i-dyspnea, ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa, intlungu entliziyweni yomntwana, njalonjalo.
Kwakhona kaninzi kufumaneka kwiimpazamo zesifo se-fetus, esingabonakalisa ngokungabikho kwe-bronchus eyintloko kunye nompu omnye ngexesha elinye, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto zonke zeendlela zokuphefumula, ukunweba enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-lobes njalonjalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukufunyanwa kweentlungu ze-fetus kwi- ultrasound yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunolwazi olungakumbi kunokuba kungqiniswanga, kuba isisombululo sinakho ukuseka ukuphulwa kancinci kuphela ekukhuleni komntwana.