Ukuvuthwa kweHormonal is contraceptive. Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukukhulelwa, kodwa ingaba nempembelelo. Makhe siqwalasele ngokucacileyo lolu hlobo lokukhulelwa kwe-intrauterine, iintlobo zalo, indlela yokufakela kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa.
Ngaba yonke iminyango ye-hormonal?
Kwizinyathelo zomzimba, phakathi kwee-contraceptive zangaphakathi, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemimoya. Nangona kunjalo, akuzona zonke ezo zi-hormonal. Umoya ngokwawo, ngenxa yobume bawo, unokuthintela ukuqala kokukhulelwa. Ii-IUDs ze-hormonal azikho nje umqobo owenzela umbane kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane, kodwa kwakhona zikhulula iqela le-hormonal elihlala lihlala. Ngaphantsi kwezenzo zalo mzimba, kukho utshintsho olusisigxina kwi-endometrium ye-uterine, ngenxa yokuba yimuphi umkhamo ongenakwenzeka.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-IUD ezikhoyo?
Kule minyaka, iintlobo zeNavy ziphucule. Kwimizimba yesimanjemanje, izizukulwana ezi-3 zezixhobo zangaphakathi:
- Inert (isizukulwana sokuqala). Ezi mimoya zenziwe ngeeplastiki ngokupheleleyo, ezichaza izindleko zabo eziphantsi. Isiphumo sokukhulelwa kwabo siphumelele ngokudala isithintelo kwiqanda elichumisiweyo - alikwazi ukufakwa. Olu hlobo lwemimoya engasetyenzisiwe kwakhona, ngenxa yempembelelo ephantsi, iqondo eliphezulu lokuxoshwa (ukuwa kwe-spiral), iinkqubo zokuvutha rhoqo.
- Izitshixo ezixutywe ngeMetric (isizukulwana sesibini). Ekuqaleni, i-IUD yasungulwa ngomxholo wobhedu. Esi sinyithi sinempembelelo ephikisayo-inqanda inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokufakelwa kweqanda lomntwana. Isiseko sokupasa isakhelo seplastiki, ejikeleze apho isongwe intsimbi encomekileyo yensimbi. Kamva baqala ukusebenzisa isilivere negolide njengezinyithi. Oku kunciphise umngcipheko wokuvuvukala kwisibeletho, kwandiswe ukusebenza kwe-arhente kunye nobomi bezo zi-IUDs.
- I-Hormone (enezizukulwana sesithathu). Iprogestin-levonorgestrel ikhona ekubunjweni kwezi. Isici esahlukileyo salezi zi-IUD sisondele kwimpembelelo ye-100%. Ukongezelela, ezi zixhobo zihlala zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokwelapha, ngezifo zentsholongwane ezibangelwa ukuphulwa kwemvelaphi ye-hormonal.
Ukutsalwa kweHormonal - izibonakaliso
I-hormone yangaphakathi ye-spiral ifakwe kwisicelo selo bhinqa ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ingasetyenziswa oogqirha, kwizifo ezithile. Ngaphambi kwesicelo, kwenziwa uphando, olujolise ekupheliseni iiplastiki ezinobungozi kwinkqubo yokuzala. Phakathi kwezifo kunye nokuphazamiseka apho ukuvuthwa kwe-hormonal kungasungulwa, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
- endometriosis ;
- umngcipheko we- endometrial hyperplasia ;
- i-menorrhagia ;
- i-oophorectomy yamazwe ngamazwe (ukususwa kwama-ovari);
- ukukhulelwa komzimba.
I-hormonal spirals kwi-endometriosis
Ukuvuthwa kweHormonal yokunyanga kwe-endometriosis kunokumiselwa ngegama elichaziweyo, i-lesion ephezulu yecala lokungaphakathi lombele. Iqulethwe kwi-analogue yeprogesterone, ikhupha ngokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokwanda kwezilonda ezintsha kwi-uterine cavity. Oku kunceda ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezivuthayo ngokusuka kwimvelaphi ye-endometriosis. Xa i-hormone yokuvutha isetyenziselwa i-endometriosis ixesha elide, oogqirha bavame ukulungisa ukunyamekela okuqhubekayo, njengoko kuboniswe ngu:
- ukunciphisa umthamo wegazi lokuya esikhathini;
- ukunciphisa ukhathazeka kwimihla ;
- ukujikeleza komjikelo.
I-Hormonal yokuvota ngokunyuka kwesisu
I-intrauterine evuthayo kunye nejoyi ye-hormones ingasetyenziswa ngokusisigxina kwaye ngexesha leenkqubo ze-climacteric. Eli xesha lihambelana nokuncipha kwi-hormone yesini kwi-body body. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-spiral kunceda ukulinganisa i-estrogens kunye neprogesterone. Nsuku zonke i-IUD inika i-20 mg ye-levonorgestrel. Le nto ichaphazela ngokufanelekileyo isalathisi esingaphakathi kwesibeleko, ukwandisa izinga le-epithelization. Ngelo xesha, ukuvuthwa akuphazamisi iintlobo zeentlobano zesini, kodwa zizalisekisa ukungabikho kwe-hormone eyenziwe ngabo.
IUD contraindications
Njengawo nawaphi na amayeza, ukuvutha kwe-hormonal kuneenkcaso (ukuvuthwa kwe-hormonal contraceptive spiral). Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwayo, ukubonisana kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-gynecologist kuyimfuneko. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zoviwo, ugqirha ugqiba isigqibo sokuba ingafakwa ifowuni ye-intrauterine, ukuchasiswa kwezi zilandelayo:
- ixesha lokukhulelwa okanye ukusola;
- iinkqubo ze-ecological of the reproductive system, i-inherited system to them;
- iinkqubo ezivuthayo kunye neengunaphakade zenkqubo yokuzala;
- ubukho besifo socansi;
- ukuphuma egazini lomzimba we-etiology engaziwayo.
Ezi mpazamo zichasene ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela izifo zentsholongwane ziyabelana kwakhona:
- ukuvuvukala kunye nokusuleleka kwezixhobo ezidlulileyo;
- ixesha elibuhlungu;
- ukuya esikhathini ;
- iinkqubo ze-hyperplastic kwi-endometrium;
- ukuphuhliswa kwe-uterus kunye nezibi (i-saddle, ii-horned-two);
- ukukhubazeka komlomo wesibeleko;
- i-anemia kunye nezifo zegazi;
- i-stenosis ye-canal yomlomo;
- i-myoma submucosal;
- ukuxoshwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-IUD kwi-anamnesis.
IUD - isicelo
Ukuvuthwa kwe-hormonal contraception does not help only to prevent the pregnancy unwanted, kodwa kwakhona ukubuyisela inkqubo yokuzala. Ngombulelo kwihomoni efihliweyo, umsebenzi wesibeleko kunye nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ziqhelekileyo. Nsuku zonke imfihlelo ifihla into efana nayo, efana nesakhiwo kwiprogesterone. Ngaphantsi kwezenzo zeli candelo:
- kuphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-endometrium ye-uterine;
- umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uyaqhelekileyo;
- nyanga zonke zinciphisa umthamo kunye nobude bawo.
Intrauterine ukuvutha - njani ukubeka?
Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kweso sixhobo se-intrauterine, lo mfazi uya kufuneka ahlolwe. Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ziyimfuneko:
- I-Smears kwi-flora ye-vaginal, urethra kunye nomlomo wesibeleko;
- vavanyo lwegazi jikelele;
- I-PCR yesifo socansi;
- Uhlalutyo jikelele lomchamo;
- I-ultrasound yeenxalenye zeplavic .
Inkqubo ngokwayo iqhutyelwa kwi-ambulatory. Ukulungiswa kwe-algorithm kubonakala ngathi:
- Isigulane sikhona kwisihlalo somzimba.
- Esikilinikweni isilfaki se-Simpsa sifakwe, esichaza intamo.
- Ubundlobongela kunye nommandla wesibeleko zenza i-antiseptic.
- Ngokuncediswa kwe-bullet forceps, ugqirha wenza isilungiso somlomo wesibeleko kwaye ulinganisa ubude besisu.
- Kwingxowankulu yomlomo wesibeleko, umqhubi uqaliswa, ofikelela kwisibilini se-uterine.
- Ukuchukumisa i-piston yeplastiki, gxininisa ukujikeleza ukuze ihlale kunye namagxa asezantsi kwimbumba.
- Umqhubi uyasuswa ngokucokisekileyo, inxalenye yeengcambu ezithintekayo kwisisini zinqunywe, kwaye zinceda ukulawula ubukho be-IUD kwisibeleko.
Inqubo yonke ayithathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5. Emva kofakelo, ugqirha kwikhadi lokugula lilungisa ixesha kunye nomhla, ubonisa umzekelo wokuvutha, uxela isigulane sithuba sezenzo zalo. Emva kweentsuku ezili-10, ukutyelelwa kolawulo kuhleliwe. Kwiintsuku ezili-14 emva kwenkqubo, ibhinqa liphakanyiswa:
- ukuyeka ukulala ngesondo;
- Gwema ukuphakamisa izisindo;
- Musa ukuthatha iibhagi zokutshisa;
- musa ukusebenzisa amathampu enempilo.
Ukususwa kwefayili ye-intrauterine
Emva kokufakwa kwemoya ye-hormone eyenziwa, ibhinqa liyakwazi ukulibala malunga nokukhulelwa komlomo kunye nokucwangciswa kwemithi ixesha elide. Ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-IUD liphakathi kweminyaka emi-5. Nangona kunjalo, ukususwa kwemoya kungenziwa ekuqaleni, xa umfazi ekhetha ukukhulelwa umntwana. Inkqubo eyenziwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umjikelezo wesini. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, ukunyanzeliswa kumiselweyo kwiintsuku zokuqala. Emva kokukhutshwa, inkqubo ihlolwe, ingabandakanyi ukutshatyalaliswa kwecandelo le-hormonal kwisigxina se-uterine.
Iimiphumo ezivuthayo zeHormonal
Isibeleko sivame ukusabela ngokungathandekiyo kokungeniswa komzimba osemzini, okuyi-IUD. Emva kokuba ifowuni yefayilini ifakwe, iziphumo zecala kwamanye amabhinqa zivela kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ziqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ezi ziphumo zenkqubo yokufakela ngokwayo:
- ukuxhwaleka komlomo wesibeleko;
- ukuguqulwa komngcingo wesibeleko kunye nezicubu zombeleko;
- intlungu enzulu ngokuya esikhathini;
- ukubuhlungu ngexesha lokulala;
- ukuxoshwa ngokukhawuleza (ukuguquka kwe-IUD);
- ukuphulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini - ukwandisa kokuya esikhathini, ixesha elide;
- i-adnexitis kunye ne-endometritis emva kokususwa komoya.
Imimoya yeHormon - amagama
Ukuthetha malunga naluphi uhlobo lwe-hormonal spirals kukho, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke ii-IUD ziqulethe i-hormone ekwakheni. Ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwezi ziyobisi kwiimakethe zonyango zi:
- I-Mirena (ukuveliswa kwezinto zokurhweba, iJamani);
- Levonov (ukuveliswa kweLeiras, Finland).
Iindiza zeHormonal - i-pros and cons
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abafazi baya kwi-gynecologist ngombuzo malunga nokubhetele ngaphezu kwe-IUD okanye amaphilisi e-hormone asetyenziswa njengendlela yokukhulelwa. Kule meko, ugqirha uyabhala ukuba akukho ndlela efanelekileyo, ngoko ke umfazi kufanele asebenzise oko kufanelekile kuye. Phakathi kwezibonelelo zomoya:
- ixesha elide lokusetyenziswa;
- ukungabi nokuzithiba;
- ukubuyiswa ngokukhawuleza komsebenzi wokuzala emva kokuhoxiswa komoya;
- ukuqala kokusebenza emva kokufakela;
- impembelelo.
Ukugqithiswa kwamagqabi oogqirha be-Navy ubhekise:
- ukwanda komngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic;
- ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kokukhulelwa;
- ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo socansi;
- ukwanda kwevolumu, ixesha lokuphuma kwindoda;
- imfuno yokukhetha ngamnye.