Ukukhusela iikomkom efestile kwindlu inokwenzeka. Ukuba izityalo ezinjengomthunzi omnyama, baziva kakuhle kwiifestile kunye neibhalkoni, zihluma kwaye zivelise iziqhamo. Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu kwaye nakwiholide yonyaka omtsha ungadla imifuno ekhulile eyedwa ekhaya. Ukufumana isityalo, inani lemiqathango kufuneka ligcinwe.
Ziziphi ukhukhamba ezikhulayo kwifestile?
Ukukhethwa kweMbewu yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwemifuno. Xa ukhulayo iikomkom kwifestile evela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka ngokubanzi kwintsimi yefruiting. Ukuvelisa isityalo kufuneka ube ne-self-pollinating, iintlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa. Iintlobo ezidumileyo ekuzalweni kwekhaya:
- I-Schedrik ikhukhamba elivuthiweyo. Ukukhupha ngomhla wama-45, ukusuka ehlathini unokufumana izicucu ezingama-20 ubude be-12-14 cm.
- Masha F1 - ivelisa kwiintsuku ezingama-40. Umlimi ulungelelanisa, kwisebe ivelisa 5-7 imifuno;
- I-Prestige - ikhukhamba yokuvuthwa kwangaphambili, ivelisa ixesha elide;
- I-Khrustik - iya kucula ngokukhawuleza, iindidi eziqhamo, izithelo zivuthwe iziqwenga ezi-7 kwi-yesebe, ngokunyamekela, unokuqokelela imifuno engama-40. I-liana ide, ingavulelwa yonke iifestile.
Indlela yokukhulisa iikomkom kwifestile?
Akukho mida yokuhlwayela imbewu ukukhupha iikomkom kwifestile okanye kwibhaloni. Kodwa ngenxa yefruiting ecebileyo, ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuFebruwari, banikezwa ukukhanya okungeziwe, njengokuba kuluhlaza ngaphandle. Ukukhusela ukhukhamba ekhaya kwikhaya lefestile elungileyo ukuba ngaba lixesha leeyure eziyi-12. Iibhanki zilungele ukulungiswa ukuze zinyuka kwaye zenzeke njengoko izityalo zikhula. Izityalo zifakwe kwifestile okanye kwibhaluni, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa izivulo ezisemantla ekukhuleni imifuno - amasebe aya kwandiswa aze abe buthathaka.
Indlela yokuhlwayela iikomkom ekhaya kwifestile?
Imbewu ihlwayelwe ngaphambi kokuhlwayela, ukwenzela ukuba iiflethi zivele kungekudala. Ukuze wenze oku, bahlanganiswe ngeso cheesecloth kwaye bafuthiwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kwiqondo lokushisa lama-25-30 degrees kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3 kubo izimpande ezimhlophe ziphethwe. Ukutshala iikomkom kwi window:
- Ungasebenzisa iikomityi zeplastiki zokuhlwayela imbewu. Ngokujulisa imbewu kuyo ngo-2 cm kunye nokuwagubungela ngefilimu, kulula ukufumana izithombo zokutshala okulandelayo emva kokungena kwisitya esinamandla;
- Izithombo zivela emva kweentsuku ezingama-2-3. Emva kwamaqabunga ama-3-4 akhiwa kumahlumela, anokutsalwa kwisitya esikhulu;
- Ukulima okunye, izimbiza ezineemigodi yamanzi ziya kufuneka. Kwinqanaba elityekileyo lenziwe ngezitena okanye i-gravel ene-2 cm, ke umxube womhlaba. Isityalo esinye sidinga 5 kg. substrate;
- Usuku lomhlaba ngaphambi kokutyala kuhlelwe kakuhle;
- Izityalo zihlanjwe ngokufanelekileyo embhodini kunye neloyile;
- Kuvunyelwe ukuba kufakeke ngokukhawuleza imbewu kule ndawo enegxina kwiibhokisi ezinkulu okanye iipot kwaye zigubungele ifilimu. I-Cellophane isuswe emva kokuvela. Kungcono ukufakela ibhokisi kwi-pallet, ubeke iiplantshi ezimbini phantsi kwayo ukuze ujikeleze umoya;
- Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba iikomkom kwifestile ayinyamezeli iifomati - ziyabulala;
- Izikhonkwane ezingama-70 cm ziphakanyiselwe emhlabathini, okanye iindophi zikhomba phezulu, kwaye kuya kufakelwa amagatsha okukhula kuwo. Ukuxhaswa kuya kunceda ukwandisa ummandla wokukhanya kwesityalo. Ukucoca kuya kukwandisa isivuno kunye nokuhlobisa iifestile.
Ukulima kweekomkom kwifestile - umhlaba
Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ngokubunjwa komhlaba. Kulula ukupheka ngokwakho. Kukho ukhetho oluninzi lomxube:
- Umhlaba ocebileyo, i-peat kunye ne-humus zixutywe kwiindawo ezilinganayo. Unokongeza i-tablespoon 1. superphosphate , 1 tbsp. isikhombe, ingqayi yomthi womthi. Amanani anikwa ama-5 kg. umhlaba.
- I-peat, i-sawdust (okanye isanti), i-humus, umhlaba ocebileyo uthathwa ngamalungu alinganayo. Yongeza isipuni se nitrofoski kunye ne-tea - urea .
- Kukholelwa ukuba ukusebenzisa le mxube, iikomkom zikhulile kwi window window ebusika. Uvumela ukukhula kwemifuno ngaphandle kokuchumisa. Ukupheka, uthathe umhlaba, i-sawdust encinci, isanti encinane, amahlamvu awile, i-substrate yesitolo yee-seedlings. Umhlaba okhulayo ufuna iinxalenye ezi-2, izalathisi ezisele - enye enye. Isiqingatha seglasi yengqungqwana yenkukhu, iikomityi ezimbini zefom, ezengxube, i-eggshell kunye ne-ash ash. Zonke izithako zichithwe ngokukhawuleza.
Indlela yokutya iikomkom kwifestile?
Ukuba i-substrate ayilunganga ekuqaleni, ukugqoka okuphezulu kokukhukhamba kwifestile kuyakunika iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ezimbalwa zokupheka:
- I-teaspoon yerea isetyenziselwa iilitha ezintathu zamanzi. Isetyenziswe 1-2 iiglasi zesichumiso phantsi kwesityalo ngokuphindwe kabini ngeveki, ukususela emva kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokuvela kwehlumela.
- Inani elilinganayo lamanzi kunye ne-2 tsp. nitrofoski. Inikwe kwiglasi yesisombululo phantsi kwehlathi emva ezimbini kwiiveki ngokubonakala kwintlahlela yokuqala.
Ungayinisela njani iikomkom kwifestile?
Isityalo sihlambulukileyo, isixa samanzi senziwa ngumlinganiselo wokulinga. Iikhukhamba kwiifestile kufuneka zityilise imihla ngemihla, kodwa zingenamandla. Yenza ihlathi lilungele ekuseni. Ukunkcenkceshela kuqhelekileyo, ukuba umhlaba unomanzi, kodwa awunamanzi. Ukuba amanzi akwanele, iikomkom efestile izomisa, ukugqithisa kwamanzi kusongela ukubola kwepropati. Amagqabi aphuzi ngumqondiso wokunisela okungekhoyo.
Ungayifaka njani iikomkom kwifestile?
Ukukhanyisa umbuzo wendlela yokukhulisa iikomkom kwifestile kwindlu yokuhlala, abalimi beemifuno abanamava bahlawula ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ekutyeni izityalo. Ixesha lokuqala elibanjwe kwinqanaba le-3-4 kwiqabunga. Oku kuvumela ukuba amahlumela amacandelo atsha avele kwiisono zesiseko seplate kwisidiliya, ngoko ke ihlathi lenziwe. Shiya ama-2-3 amabele, aphinda aphine amahlamvu angama-10. Nantsi kuyimfuneko ukugcina umlinganiselo wesityalo esinezondlo ezaneleyo ukuvelisa iziqhamo.
Izifo zekhukhamba kwifestile
Ukuba umgadi wegadi uyakubona ukuba into ethile ihlaziyekile, kufuneka ufumene isizathu kwaye uqhube unyango. Izizathu ezibangela izifo:
- ukuthambisa ngamanzi apholileyo;
- umhlaba ophelileyo.
Iikhukhamba kwiifestile zezi zifo eziphambili:
- i-powdery mildew , ibangela i-fungus. Amahlamvu ahlanganiswe ngeentyantyambo ezimhlophe. Iiplati ezichaphazelekayo zisuswe, umhlaba awukhuselekanga ngefungicides Fundazol , Topsin;
- (i-anthracnose), i-agent causative yi-fungus, ichaphazela amaqabunga neziqhamo, zihlanganiswe ngamanqaku ahlaza. Isityalo esinjalo asinakuphiliswa, siphoswa. Iibhokhwe ezisele zihlanjululwa kunye nomxube weBordeaux ukukhusela ukungcola;
- ukubola okumhlophe, iziqu kunye namaqabunga e-plaque eplude, emva kwe-mucus. Icandelo elichaphazelekayo kufuneka lifefe nge-copper sulfate okanye i-lime.
Ukuze ungaphuhlisi isifo, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze iprophylaxis. Ngaphambi kokutyala emhlabathini, kunceda ukuthambisa imbewu kwiisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Lo mxube usetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-substrate ngokwayo ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu okanye izithombo. Ngexesha lexesha lokukhula, isiqhamo sinokufuthwa nge-"Fitosporin". Kubaluleke kakhulu kukudalwa kwe-microclimate emihle kunye nokungabikho kobuninzi bomhlaba obumanzi.