Iimpawu zefiva ephinda zichazwe okokuqala nguHippocrates. Ingqungquthela yenzeke kwisiqithi saseFaros kwaye ibonakaliswe ukuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuqhambuka kwezibande kwagqalwa ngekhulu le-18 e-Ireland, eNgilani naseJamani. Ngowe-1868, isifo sezilwanyana saseBerlin Hospital u-Obermeier sikwazi ukucacisa i-agent engumnxeba wesi sifo.
I-typhus ephindaphinda igosa elidala
I-agent causative ye-typhoid ephindaphindiweyo ibhetri ye-genre Borrelia. Yibangela isifo esichengeni sisifo esifana nokuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo komkhuhlane. Abathwali bee-bacterium ze-pathogenic zingumlenze kunye nezilwanyana. Kwimvelo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-typhus ezijikelezayo-ifom ye-epidemic ye-lesion kunye nokuphela kwayo.
I-typhus ephindaphindayo
I-agent causative ye-typhus ephindaphindiweyo yipropochete. Izenzululwazi nge-microscope ziye zazimisela ukuba le bteriki inomfanekiso wesimo ngendlela yovulo. Idluliselwa ngokubethelwa kweenambuzane ezinesifo, umzekelo, izilwanyana, kwaye kubangela isifo esithathelwanayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-spirochetosis ephathekayo. Ukukhulelwa, ukungena egazini, kuthintela amalungu ase-hematopoiesis, kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous central.
I-typhus ephindaphindiweyo yesifo
I-agent causative ye-epidemic uhlobo oluphindaphindiweyo ngu-Borrelia we-Obheimer. Kwakhona kunesimo sesimo esincinci esicacileyo. Iphazamisa i-pathogenic pathogen in the body of lice. Kodwa i-pubic nezinambuzane ze-cephalic zithwaba le ntsholongwane kumlinganiselo omncinci, nangona zixhaphaza. I-Borrelia ivuselela isiqalo se-rotund licephoid typhus. Ngeli xesha, lesi sifo asilungelelananga nakwiindawo zethu.
Imizila yokudlulisa i-typhus ephindaphindiweyo
Usulelo oludluliselwayo ludluliselwa ngokungena egazini lomntu onempilo, igazi elingenayo i-pathogen. I-typhoid ephindaphindiweyo ephathekayo itholakala emva kokulunywa kwesilwanyana esicholweyo ngokungena kweebhaktheriya nge-saliva. Iikheli ze-Ornithodal ziyingozi kakhulu kubantu, zikhonza njengendawo yokufumana imvelo yamakoloni e-spirochaete kwaye ixhaphaze iminyaka emininzi.
Xa kunesifo somkhuhlane, iilusi zithwala i-pathogen. Emzimbeni womntu, usulelo luza emva kokuxhatshaza i-parasite ebulawe kwikhumba elonakalisiweyo. Ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-typhus ephindaphindiweyo kubonisa imimandla enezinga eliphezulu labantu, iimeko zezulu ezitshisa kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokuphuhliswa kweyeza. E-Asia naseAfrika, kunye naseIndiya, izibande ze-epidemics ezivakalayo zivame ukubhalwa.
I-typhus ephindaphindiweyo - ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kusekelwe ekuqokelelweni kwe-anamnesis, umfanekiso weklinikhi kunye neziphumo zee-laboratory izifundo. Indawo yokuhlala kwesigulane ithathwa ingqalelo ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kweempawu zokuqala. Phonononga uvavanyo olusisigxina lolusu lwesigulane ngenxa yobungqina beentlobo zezilwanyana. Ukufumana oko kubangela i-typhoid ephindaphindiweyo, ukongezelela ukunika uhlalutyo lwebhubhoratri lwegazi elibanjwe ngexesha lomkhuhlane. Ubukho boBrrelia bubonisa ukuqala kwesi sifo. I-typhus ephindaphindiweyo njengesifo se-bacterial kufuneka ihlukaniswe kwezinye izifo ezinokubonakalisa kwangaphambili.
I-typhus eziqhelekileyo - iimpawu
Ubonakaliso obunjani beentlobo zombini zefiva ephindaphindiweyo zihlukile. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zokuqala neyesibini, uphawu oluphambili luyabonwa ngendlela ephakamileyo yokushisa (malunga nama-40 degrees). Iphakama ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu emva kweveki ezimbini ukususela ngomhla wokusuleleka. Ukukhuphuka kwesikhumba kubonisa uhlobo lwesifo ngasinye, kodwa iimpawu zokuqala ze-dermatological ziye zahluke.
I-typhus ephindaphindiweyo yimizimba, imiqondiso yayo ingaqwalaselwa ngokuhlolisisa isikhumba somguli, ibonakala ngathi:
- Kwindawo yokuluma kwezinambuzane, kukho i-nodule encinane elinganisa i-1 mm kunye nomtya obomvu obomvu.
- Emva komhla, i-nodule iyajika ibe ngumbala obomvu obomvu, apho ujikeleze khona umda obanzi ubunama-30 mm.
- Kwiintsuku ezi-4 umgca wendandatho uqhubekile kwaye kancane kancane uyanyamalala, kwaye i-papule iyajika.
- Ngomhla wesihlanu, indawo yokuluma iqala ukutshiza, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa iimpawu zokuxiliswa komzimba zibonakala.
- Ukuhlaselwa komkhuhlane kunye neempawu zokuxilisa ngokugqithiseleyo kudlulileyo ukusuka kwinye ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu. Ngeli xesha, i-agent engumgudu we-tick-borne typhoid ephindaphindiweyo ifunyanwa kwigazi lomguli kwisixa esikhulu.
- Emva koko ukushisa komzimba kwehla kwiimpawu ezixabisekileyo, emva koko ixesha lokuxolelwa liqala.
Emva kwexesha, uhlaselo luphinda, kwaye ke lukwazi ukufikelela kumaxesha angama-10, kodwa ngeempawu ezingaphantsi kwezobisi. I-African fever fever ifikelela kwiinyanga ezi-2, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kulula ukuyithwala kune-spirochetosis. Iingxaki zezeMpilo azikho rhoqo kwaye aziyikusongela ngqo ubomi. Amalungu ombono kunye nomlenze we-cerebral achaphazelekayo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-fever rotation fever kufana nezo zesifo esedlule, kodwa:
1. Ukukhawuleza kunokuba nezinto ezininzi kunye nobuhlungu bokuvuvukala.
2. Kule nto yonke, iimpawu zentuthuko zongezwa:
- bronchitis;
- pneumonia ;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo.
3. Kukho "inkungu" yokuqonda.
4. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-jaundice ikhula, ebonisa ukulimala kwesibindi.
Uhlaselo luhlala iintsuku eziliqela, emva koko kuza ukuphucuka okubonakalayo, emva koko umkhuhlane uya kubuya. Umjikelezo weefizi ezingenakunqanda unemihlahlandlela ka-2-3. Le ndlela yokugula ibangela ingozi enkulu ebomini ngenxa yeengxaki ezilandelayo. Into eqhelekileyo yile yindlela yokwandisa kunye nokuphuka kwendiza kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi kwangaphakathi.
Unyango lwe-typhus ephindaphindiweyo
Ukuze kuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo, isigulane sisodwa. Izinto zomntu kunye negumbi ahlala kuyo, zikhutshelwe i-disinfected. Ulwaphulo lwenziwa esibhedlele. I-Typhoid engapheliyo, njenge-lousy, iyaphathwa ngempumelelo ngamachiza e-antibacterial ye- penicillin kunye neqela le-tetracycline. Ukukhethwa kunikezelwa ekulawulweni kweziyobisi ngejoyi le-intramuscular okanye intravenous injection.