I-Rubella kubantwana ithathwa njengeyodwa yezifo ezithintekayo, kwaye ingakumbi zikhulelwe kubantwana abasuka kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Ngaphambi kwalo nyaka, uninzi lwabantwana olwamkelayo ubisi lwebele lubanika izikhusela ezikhuselekileyo kunye nalo, ngoko bahlala bekhuselekile.
Ndingayifumana njani irubella?
Esi sifo sinentsholongwane, i. i-agent virus yinto ekhethekileyo ye-genyvirus, emele i-nucleic acid ye-RNA. Ngenxa yembumba ekhuselekileyo kabini, ezi zifo-mzimba zinoxhatshazo kwimpembelelo yangaphandle, zigcine zikwazi ukusebenza iiyure eziliqela kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa kunye nokunyamezela imiphumo yeqondo elibi. I-Rubiviruses ifa ngokukhawuleza iphantsi kwefuthe le-ultraviolet kunye nokubilisa, kunye nexesha lokucubungula:
- i-acetone;
- alkali;
- asidi;
- eziqhelekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane.
Umthombo kunye nenkunkuma ye-arhente yokubangela isifo ngumntu ogulayo, kungekhona ukuba ube nemiboniso yekliniki. Ixesha lokutshala i-rubella lihlala kwiintsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-24, kwaye lonke eli xesha elisulelwe ngumntu osulelekileyo ngumtshatsheli okhuselekileyo wosulelo, ukufihla intsholongwane ngephepha lokuphefumula. Indlela ehamba phambili yokudlulisela i-airborne, ngoko ke uninzi lweziganeko zentsholongwane zihambelana nobukho babantwana kwiindawo ezininzi ezijoliswe ngabantu-kwii-nursergartens, izikolo, amaziko ezonyango, njl njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-rubella inokusuleleka kumntu osondelene kunye nomntu ogulayo, ukukhulula ii-pathogens kunye neengqungquthela zamathe ngethuba lokuthetha, ukukhwehlela, ukukrazula. Ukukhuthaza ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwintsholongwane yomzimba omile emoyeni. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba injongo ephambili yegciwane i-larynx, i-throat kunye neetoni, ngoko ke ukuphefumla komzimba kwintsana kubangela ingozi eyongeziweyo. Kwakhona, indlela echanekileyo yokusasazwa ngokuqhagamshelana neembrane (kunye nokumanga) kunokwenzeka.
Enye indlela yokusasazeka kwintsholongwane yindlela ehamba phambili - ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yomntwana evela kumama ogulayo. Kule meko, iintsana ezineentsholongwane zesifo sokubeleka ziyakwazi ukufaka izifo-mzimba ngokufihlakeleyo kwindlela yokuphefumula kunye nomchamo malunga nemibini emibini, kubonisa ingozi ye-epidemiological. Ukongezelela, i-agent engumnxeba ichaphazela kakubi ukukhula koomntwana ongakazalwa, okukhokelela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa ukuphulaphula, ukufumana indlebe, inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system, amehlo.
Ngaba ndinokufumana i-rubella kwisitalato?
Abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nendlela yokubamba i-rubella umntwana kunye nantoni na amathuba okuba "abambe" isifo kwisitrato. Ukunikezelwa kwintsholongwane ye-rubella kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet (i-pathogen iyahla emva kwemizuzwana engama-40 ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokukhanya kwelanga), akukho nethuba lokubanjwa emoyeni, kodwa amathuba okusuleleka aqhubeka nokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo, ngokukodwa ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ukunxibelelana kwebhokhwe eligulayo kunye nabanye abantwana, kwanezitalato.
Ngaba ndinokufumana i-rubella ukuba ndinayo inoculation?
Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yesitofu , ugonywa lukhuselweyo, olukhusela ekusuleleka sulelo kwiminyaka emininzi. Ngelo xesha, isitofu sokugonywa asinikezeli i-inshurensi ekhulwini kwi-virus ye-rubella, echazwe yindlela yokugonywa kweengcambu ezinobuthakathaka, ezinamandla aphantsi okuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-immune system. Ngoko ke, maxa wambi i-rubella ifunyaniswa kubantwana emva kokugonywa. Ukongezelela, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kubakho kwiimeko zokungakhuselekanga kwabantwana, kuquka nezifo ezinzulu.
Ukuba, emva kokugonywa, i-rubella ikhula kubantwana, iimpawu zesi sifo zihlala zilula okanye zingekho (i-rubella engabonakaliyo). Oku kubangelwa ukuba ukungena ngokuphindaphindiweyo, iintsholongwane zihlala zihlala kwiimbumba zamanzi eziphefumulayo, ngelixa zingenangena kwigazi kwaye zingasasazeka emzimbeni.
Ngaba ndinokufumana i-rubella kwakhona?
Omnye umba ochaphazelekayo kubazali uhambelana nokuba kunokwenzeka yini ukubamba urubella kwakhona emva kwentsholongwane yangaphambili. Kule meko, ukukhuselwa komzimba kuphuhliswe emva kokusuleleka kwaye ukuhlaziya kuzinzile, kwaye ukukwazi ukuphindaphinda kuyaphantsi kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, umntu ohlala e-rubella ephindaphindiweyo, kwaye oku kudlalwa kungekho ngaphaya kwe-10-15 kwiminyaka emva kwesiqephu sokuqala sesi sifo.
I-rubella ibonakala njani kubantwana - iimpawu
Emva kokungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumula, intsholongwane emva kwexesha elithile lifaka i-lymph nodes, kwaye esuka apho idluliselwa ekuphumeni kwegazi lonke kwaye isasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba. I-pathogen igxininise kakhulu kwiimfucu ze-epithelium yesikhumba, iimbumba ezinamaqabunga, kwi-lymph nodes, apho iqhubela khona ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ebangela ukubonakaliswa kwempawu. Ukongezelela, i-arhente echaphazelayo inako ukungena kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Khawucinge ngendlela i-rubella ebonakalisa ngayo abantwana kwixesha elihlukeneyo lesi sifo.
Ixesha lokutshala i-rubella kubantwana
Ngethuba lokutshala i-rubella, umfanekiso wekliniki wesifo awukho, i-pathology ayibonakali kuyo yonke into, ayibangeli izikhalazo, kwaye unokufunda kuphela ngeemvavanyo zegazi. Ngokomyinge, eli xesha lithatha malunga neentsuku ezili-18. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuba esele kwisigaba sesi sifo umntwana onentsholongwane unako ukuphazamisa abanye, ukukhetha intsholongwane kunye ne-microdroplets yamathe.
Isigaba sokuqala se-rubella kubantwana
Ekupheleni kwesigaba sokutshala, ixesha elide lihamba, lihlala kwiiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, apho iimpawu ze-rubella kubantwana zinokufana nezinye izifo ezininzi. Masibhale ukuba yiziphi iimpawu zerubella kubantwana abangabakho kweli nqanaba:
- i-malaise encinci;
- ukuqonda;
- ncinane;
- intlungu encinane entloko;
- ngxamele ukutya;
- ubomvu emqaleni;
- Ukutshutshiswa emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela;
- i-rhinitis encinci, ukuxininiswa kwesisu;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa kweso.
Yintoni i-rubella ibonakala ngathi kubantwana?
Emva koko kulandela ixesha apho iimpawu ze-rubella kubantwana zifumana ezithile, eziphambili zazo zilandelayo:
- ukugqithisa isikhumba;
- ukwanda kunye nokuxhalaba kweelym (i-cervical, occipital, thoracic, axillary, njl);
- iziganeko ze-catarrhal (ukubonakaliswa kwe-laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis);
- ukongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kumbindi wolawulo lomzimba;
- ngamanye amaxesha - intlungu esiswini, ukuphulwa kwesigxina.
Ukugqithisa kunye nerubella kubantwana bokuqala kubonakala ebusweni, isikhumba kunye nentamo, kodwa isasaza kwisiqu ixesha elifutshane. Amasayithi ommandla obalaseleyo wendawo yokuhlambalaza-iindawo ezidlulayo zezandla kunye neenyawo, iintsimbi, umva. Kwiintendelezo kunye neengcambu zeenyawo akukho ukukhawuleza. Iziphumo eziphumo ziyingqombela ebomvu, ijikeleze okanye i-oval, encinci, ingabonakali ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukukhawuleza ngendlela yokubomvu okuqhubekayo. Iintsuku ezidlulileyo iintsuku ezi-2-4, emva koko ziphela ngokupheleleyo. Umntwana usalathinteka ngeveki emva kokuqala kokukhawuleza.
Indlela yokuphatha i-rubella kumntwana?
Ngethuba lokugula komntwana, kufuneka ukuba zihlukanise nabanye abantwana de iintsuku ezingama-7 emva kokuqalisa ukukhawuleza, ukukhusela ukuqhagamshelana nabafazi abakhulelweyo ukwenzela ukuphepha ukhuseleko. I-Rubella kubantwana ininzi eyenziwa ekhaya, ukubhedlelelwa esibhedlele kuyimfuneko phambi kweengxaki. Ngexesha leemvumba, sincoma ukuphumla kokulala. Ulwaphulo oluchanekileyo alufumaneki, iziyobisi ezinokumisela ziyakunqunyulwa ukunciphisa ukushisa komzimba kusekelwe kwi- paracetamol okanye ibuprofen. Umntwana kufuneka athathe amanzi amaninzi, adle ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuthintela i-rubella kubantwana
Abazali abangafuni ukuba umntwana wabo athole irubella, makaqinisekise ukuba ishedyuli yokugonywa idibeneyo. Ukugonywa kwesi sifo kufakwe kwiluhlu olufunekayo kwaye luqhutywa kwimizuzu engama-1, lulandelwa yi-booster kwiminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Ukongezelela, ukugonywa okongezelelweyo kumantombazana asetsheni kunokwenziwa.