Emva kokuba owesifazane okhulelweyo ebhalisiwe kunye nomntwana wesifo somzimba, uya kufuneka amhambele kanye emva kweveki ezimbini. Enye yezifundo ezinyanzelisayo ezenziwa ngexesha loviwo luyi -urinalysis . Kuthathwa kubhaliso lomfazi okhulelweyo, kwaye kabini ngenyanga ngaphambi kokubeleka. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka kokuhlaziywa komchamo kumfazi okhulelweyo, uhlalutyo luya kufuneka luthathwe ngexesha lokunyanga kunye nokulawula emva kwalo.
Kutheni sifaka uvavanyo lwamanzi kumabhinqa abakhulelweyo?
Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala, i-metabolism ishintshe kumfazi okhulelweyo, kwaye iinkozo zebhinqa azikho nto, kuba ziya kukwandisa umthwalo: kubalulekile ukususa iimveliso ezinobungozi be-metabolism kungekhona kuphela kumama, kodwa nangomntwana. Kwizigaba zokuqala, utshintsho kuhlalutyo luhambelana nokulungiswa komzimba. Kwisiqingatha sesibini, umthwalo ongekho nje ukwanda kwenyango, kodwa isisu esinomntwana ngokufuthi sinyanzeliswa yi-ureters, ngokukodwa okulungileyo. I-Urine ayibubi kakuhle, ilula iinjongo kwaye iyancipha, kunye nokufakela isifo kufaka ukuvuvukala okukhulu kweentso. Kwaye iimpawu zokuqala zokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni ngokuqhelekileyo kweentso zibonakala nje kwiziphumo zohlalutyo.
Ngendlela eyiyo ukunikela ngokuhlalutya umchamo?
Ukuchaneka kwezalathisi kuxhomekeke nakumalungiselelo okuhlalutya: ngokuhlwa kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukunyanzelisa umzimba, ukungasebenzisi iprotheni, i-asidi, ukutya okunesonka, utywala. Izitya zokuhlalutya zithathwa zicocekile, kwaye ngokukhethekileyo zinyumba (i-canister ingabiliswa nge-eve). Ngaphambi kokuhlalutya, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlambe ngokugqibeleleyo izitho zangasese - oku kuya kugqiba ukuba ingaqhelekanga yamaseli amhlophe e-urine, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ii-bacteria kunye nama-epithelial cells. Ukuhlalutya, umchamo wokuqala wekusasa oqokelelwe kwingxenye ephakathi ufanelekile. Yaye uyayifaka kwi-laboratory iya kufuneka ifike kwiiyure ezingama-2, ukuphepha ukugubha kunye nokungabikho okungadingekile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi kubhinqa abakhulelweyo kuqhelekileyo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuhlalutya ngokubanzi umchamo:
- Umbala womchamo (ophuzi, utshani obomvu);
- ubala;
- ubunzima obuthile (ukusuka kwi-1.010 ukuya ku-1.025);
- i-asidi (pH ukususela kwi-5 kuya ku-7);
- iprotheni, iswekile - ngokuqhelekileyo engekho;
- i-leukocytes (0-5 kwisebe yombono);
- I-erythrocyte (0-2 kwisebe yombono);
- iiseli ze-epithelial (0-5 kummandla wombono);
- Amagxolo, iibhaktheriya, iifungi okanye i-parasites akufanele ibekho.
Xa ukhulelwe, ii-indices akufanele zitshintshe, kodwa ukwanda kwenani lama-leukocytes kunokwenzeka (kufika kwi-6 kummandla wombono). Yaye ukuba uxelelwa ukuba udlulise ukulungelelaniswa ngu-Nechiporenko, ngoko umgangatho we-leukocytes ekuhlalutheni umchamo ngowama-2000 kwi-1 ml.
Kutheni umxholo we-leukocytes kumchamo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo?
I-leukocyte iiseli zegazi, ngaba ngowokuqala ukuhlasela ama-microorganisms angenayo, abaxhamle ngokubanzi njengoko banako, kwaye ngoko banokukhusela umzimba, kwaye xa bengakwazi ukufumana iintsholongwane, bayafa. I-leukocytes emcimbini ngexesha lokukhulelwa landa kunye nosulelo, kuba la maseli azama ukufumana amaninzi amaninzi ezincinane ezinokwenzeka. Kwaye i-leukocytes ephezulu ekuhlalutye ngakumbi, inkqubo esebenzayo yokuvuvukala. I-leukocytes emcinini wabasetyhini abakhulelweyo banyuke kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukuvuvukala - ezintsheni okanye ngesibindi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka: umgangatho we-leukocytes kumchamo uqhelekileyo, kwaye kukho ukuvutha kwiintsholong, isizathu sokuba i-uterus ekhulayo ivimbile isifo esibi kwaye umchamo ungena kwisilonda kuphela ngomzimba. Emva koko iimpawu zokuvuvukala kwezintso (ubuhlungu kwindawo yesifo esisifo, rhoqo ukugqabhuka okanye ukuphazamiseka, impilo embi, umkhuhlane) kunceda ekufumaneni ingxaki, kwaye ziqinisekiswa ngeendlela ezongezelelweyo zophando ezibekwe ngugqirha.
Yintoni enokuyenza ukuba inani legazi elimhlophe kumchamo linyuswe?
Ukuba ukuhlalutya inqanaba le leukocytes livela kwi-0 ukuya kwe-10, ngoko umxholo we-leukocytes kumchamo -