I-Emphysema yemiphunga ibizwa ngokuba yi-pathology, ihamba kunye nomoya ogqithiseleyo kwimiphunga. Kule meko, ukuphefumula ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwegesi kuyaphazamiseka. Isi sifo singapheli kwaye sibonakaliswe yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abanokugula ngokuthe ngentsholongwane kunye nokuguga banesifo se-emphysema.
Izizathu ze-emphysema
Imiba ejongene nokuphuhliswa kwe-emphysema ihlelwa ngamaqela amabini.
Iyokuqala ibandakanya izinto ezibangelwa ukuba ukunyaniseka nokuqina kwamalungu empompo kuphazamiseka, kwaye yonke isebe lokuphefumula lomphunga liphinda lakhiwe ngokutsha:
- inhalation of smoke
- inhalation yomoya engcolileyo ngothuli okanye iikhemikhali;
- ukungabikho kokuzalwa kwesifo se-alpha-1-antitrypsin;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwe-microcirculation kwimiphunga.
Iqela le sibini liquka izinto eziphakamisa uxinzelelo kwicandelo lokuphefumula lomphunga, ngelixa i-bronchioles yokuphefumula, izifundo ze-alveolar kunye ne-alveoli zanda ngakumbi. Ngokukodwa, oku kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka (umqobo) wendlela yokuphefumula, okuyi-complication ye-bronchitis.
Iintlobo ze-emphysema
Iqela lokuqala lezinto lidala i-emphysema ephambili yemiphunga. Kule meko yonke imiphunga ichaphazelekayo, kwaye le fomu ibizwa ngokuba yi-diffuse.
Ukuba utshintsho lwezifo kwimiphunga ludibaniswa nesifo sofuba okanye i-bronchitis, ngoko uthetha nge-emphysema yesibili, edlalwa rhoqo kwifom ye- bullous . Kule meko, imiphunga ichaphazeleka ngokukodwa kwaye ngaphakathi kwayo ibunjwe iindawo ezinobumba ezixubileyo ezizaliswe ngumoya.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-emphysema?
Ngenxa yokuphulwa kwe-elasticity of tissue tissu, umthamo womoya ogqitywayo uba mncinci. Ngaloo miphunga kukho ukugqithisela komoya, okungekho umntu onako ukukhupha. Ngoko ke, uphawu oluphambili lwe-emphysema luphefumle kakhulu. Kwizigulane ezinezinto eziza kuzaliswa yi-emphysema, i-dyspnea iqala ukuphuhliswa xa iselula.
Umoya ohlala emiphakeni awuthathi inxaxheba kwinkqubo, ngoko ke, umoya ophantsi ungena kwigazi, kwaye inani le-carbon dioxide likhutshwe liyancitshiswa.
Ukongezelela, inani leethambo ezixhamlayo kwimiphunga liqala ukwandisa, ngenxa yokuba ezi ziko ziba zikhulu ngokubanzi, kwaye ngaphakathi kwazo ziqokelela izikhwama zomoya ezihamba kunye nezicubu eziqhelekileyo.
Iimpawu ze-emphysema
Qaphela i-emphysema ngu:
- ebizwa ngokuthi i-dyspnea, eyona nto ikhathazeka kakhulu ngexesha lokuzivocavoca;
- "ukukhukhuma" okuthe ngqo-isigulane senza ngokukhawuleza, "ukubamba umoya" nokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, ukuvulela izihlathi zakhe nokuvala umlomo wakhe;
- i-cyanosis - xa uhlobo lwe-emphysema lugxothwa, isigulane siba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sinezikhonkwane, kunye nemilomo;
- ukunyakaza okubuthathaka kwesifuba, ekule meko kunomfanekiso obunobumba obumbumba;
- indawo ezongeziweyo zeendawo kunye neendawo zangaphakathi.
Izigulane ezine-emphysema ziphoqeleka ukuba zilale kwiisu zazo kunye ne-thorax yazo iyancipha, nangona kwiinqanaba zangeli galeko kubangela ukungathandeki, kuba izigulana kufuneka zilale zihleli. Ngezigulane zokuvuka zifuna ukuhlala zixhomekeke phambili - ngoko kulula ukuba zikhuphe umoya.
Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwe-emphysema
Kuhlolisiso lwe-emphysema:
- ukuxubusha kunye neengcambu ze-thorax (thepha kunye nephepheni);
- I-X-ray yemiphunga (uphawu lwe-radiologic ye-emphysema - ukutsalwa kwe-diaphragm kunye nokubethelwa kwamathambo emiphunga);
- i-tomography ye-pulp for
zendawo zeenkomo; - ukujonga ukuphefumula kwangaphandle (ugqirha ugqiba ubungakanani bomoya isigulane sinokukhupha).
I-Emphysema isongela iingxaki ezinjenge-cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency kunye ne-pneumothorax (ukungena kwisifuba somoya ukususela ku-bully bully). Ukongezelela, imiphunga esebenza ngokungafanelekanga ibe yingozi kakhulu kwiintsholongwane. Ngako oko, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela kwimeko yokuqala yokusola kwe-pulmonary emphysema - uya kuhlola iimpawu kwaye acele unyango, ophela ngokuthe ngqo ukugatya imikhwa emibi kunye ne-gymnastics yokuphefumula. Ngamanye amaxesha iinkunzi zeenkunzi zisuswa.