Inyaniso yokuba i-aguscuse ye- tuberculosis i-bacterium ye-pathogenic iyaziwa ezininzi. Kodwa yintoni le microorganism, njani idluliselwa kuyo, ziziphi iimeko eziziva zikhululekile - kungekhona zonke iingcali zanamhlanje ziyazi iimpendulo kule mibuzo?
Iyiphi ibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic?
I-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo sofuba yintonga yesifo sofuba. Ingumlinganiselo omncinci wendoda, ode ubude ufikelele kumamitha ayi-10. Nangona, njengokuba kukho ukubonisa, ubukhulu bebhaktheriya buhlala ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-4 μm. Ubungakanani nobubanzi buncinane - ukusuka kwi-0.2 ukuya kwi-0.6 microns. I-microorganism ingaba ngqo okanye iphihliwe. Njengomgaqo, isakhiwo sendonga sifana, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sisigxina. Iziphelo zalo zigobile.
I-Mycobacteria yinkampani ebangela isifo sofuba kwaye ivela kwiklasi ye-schizomycetes, intsapho ye-actinomycetes. Ziquka:
- iifestile zeseli;
- umlenze we-cytoplasmic;
- mesosomes;
- i-cytoplasm;
- into yenyukliya - i-nucleotide.
I-Mycobacterium igama langoku. Ngaphambilana, i-aguscuse ye-tuberculosis yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Koch's wand - inhlonipho yenzululwazi, owathi waqala ukuyifundela ngokucacileyo kwaye wabonisa ukuhlanzeka kwenkcubeko yakhe. Iingcaphephe kwizilwanyana zavumela uKoch ukuba abonise ukuba uhlobo lwalo hlobo lwe-pathogen lusuleleka.
I-Pathogenesis yesifo
I-bacillus yesifo sofuba isasazwa ngamaconsi. Ngokomyinge, ixesha lokuxubusha lihlala kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwinyanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iibhaktheriya zingene emzimbeni, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-tubercle encinci ye-tubercle yenziwe kwiiscuphe ezichaphazelekayo. Iqukethe amaseli amakhulu kunye neukocytes ezungeze i-mycobacteria.
Ngokuxhatshazwa kakuhle kwe-immune system, isifo sofuba asiyi kuhamba ngaphaya kwe-tubercle. Bahlala emzimbeni, kodwa ababi nengozi. Ukuba ukukhubazeka kubuthathaka, iintonga ziqala ukwanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isifo sifana.
Ukuchasana nefuthe lokusingqongileyo
I-Mycobacteria yakwazi ukuvumelanisa nobomi. Ngaphandle komzimba, bahlala behlala ixesha elide:
- kwiincwadi, iibhaktheriya zihlala ezimbini ukuya kweenyanga ezintathu;
- eluthulini - iiveki ezimbalwa;
- kumasango - ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu;
- kumagumbi adibeneyo ngokukhanya-imini ukuya kwiinyanga ezintlanu;
- kwezinye ukutya - ibhotela, ushizi - malunga nonyaka.
Ukongezelela, i-agusculosis ye-causative inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngoko, kwiiyure ezimashumi asixhenxe, i-wand uhlala ifikelela kwisiqingatha seyure. Ukubilisa kuza kubulala i-mycobacterium kungekudala kunemizuzu emihlanu.
Kwanokuba iikhemikhali ayikwazi ukuloyisa njalo le microorganism. Ngako oko, akunakunceda ukuba usebenze kuwo nge-alkalis, i-acids okanye utywala. Le nto ichazwa yinyaniso yokuba ibhaktiriya inomlenze onamandla kakhulu. Okokugqibela kwezinto ezinamafutha kunye nezinto ezinjenge-wax zenziwa.
Oko umjikezeli ukwesaba ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zemisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-aguscuse ye-tubusculosis iyafa emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Kwaye ekutshweni kwelanga, i-mycobacterium iyatshatyalaliswa kwisithuba esingaphezu kwesigama seyure.
Indlela yokujongana nomjikelo kaKoch?
Kwaye kwangexesha elide kwakukholelwa ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana isifo sofuba. Amatyala adibanisa ahlanganyelwana nanamhlanje. Ukutshabalalisa i-mycobacteria, kufuneka ulwe ixesha elide kwaye unzulu kakhulu. Esinye isicatshulwa se-antibacterial kule ngxaki asiyi kunceda. Amachiza kufuneka athathwe ngendlela epheleleyo kwaye eqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwexesha elifutshane, i-bteriki inokuhlakulela ukukhuseleka kwizinto eziphambili.
Ngethuba lokwelashwa lugqityiwe ngokukhawuleza ukusela utywala kunye nomsi. Ukutya kwesigulane kufuneka kufake inani elikhulu lezitsha zenyama, imifuno, iziqhamo.