Inzululwazi yanamhlanje inamakhulu amathuluzi okufunda kunye nokwahlula ihlabathi elisijikelezayo. Kukho ubuchule obukhethekileyo kwimiba nganye kwaye lubanzi, ichaza nayiphi na ingqiqo. I-Dichotomy yindlela enye yehlabathi.
Yintoni i-dichotomy?
I-Dichotomy ngumgaqo wesahlulo sesibini, equlethwe kukuba inxalenye nganye yebini ayinayo into eqhelekileyo kunye nomnye. Igama elivela kumagama amabini aseGrike "ngamabini" kunye "nokwahlukana" kwaye isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi. Kwiimathematika, iilwimi kunye neesayensi ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iinqununu ezinkulu zibe ziincinci.
Umgaqo usebenza ngale ndlela:
- Umxholo oqhelekileyo othi "umntwana wesikolo" uthathwa.
- Iqela likhethwe, lihlangene ngumbonakaliso "ohlonipha abafundi".
- Kukho iqela apho le nto ingabonakali khona - "ayikho into ephambili".
- Abafundi abagqwesileyo banokuhlulwa ngokwemigaqo "yokuzinikezela ixesha lonke kwizifundo" kwaye "akayikuzinikela sonke izifundo."
- "Ayingabalulekanga" iya kuhlulwa kuqala "kulungile" kwaye "ayilungile".
Kwaye kwaze kube yintoni umphumo oyifunayo ufunyenweyo. Le nkqubo ikulungele ukudala zonke iintlobo zokuhlengahlengiswa, kodwa oku kukungalungi. Iqela lesibini liba lukhulu. Ngoko "ayinakugqwesa", lo yi-troika kunye ne-dvoechniki kunye ne-horoshisty. Ukufikelela kwikhonkco yokugqibela, kuya kuhamba nenani elikhulu lezinketho.
Dichotomy kwi Psychology
Kuzo zonke izigatshana zengqondo, isicelo esona sisebenzayo nesichumayo sitholakala kumgaqo we-dichotomy kwi-socionics. Lo mkhwa omncinci ovela kwi-Jung's typology. Inzululwazi ichaza ezine iimpawu ezisisiseko:
- kucinga;
- uziva;
- uvakalelo;
- intuition.
Wazisa ngamnye ngamnye inani le-introvert, elilawulwa ngaphakathi kuye, isicelo. Okanye i-extrovert, iqondiswe ngaphandle. Kule nkqubo, ukusebenzisa i-dichotomy ihluke kwi-classical one. Ngokomzekelo, into yokuba intuition ayicingi , ibonisa kuphela le nyaniso, ngaphandle kokunika ubungqina obuqikelelwayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa ulwahlula umgaqo "into" kunye "engekho into" yenziwe, uvavanyo lukhoyo, nangona kungenasenzo.
Dichotomy in Philosophy
Njengoko kwintlalo, i-dichotomy kwifilosofi yindlela yokwahlula ingcamango jikelele kwiingcaciso eziphikisanayo. Kodwa ukuba kwiingcali zengqondo zengqondo zisetyenziselwa inkcazo kwaye zombini iinguqu zilingana, ngoko kwifilosofi ngokwahlula ngamacandelo amabini aphikisanayo, apho kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ukuhluka okubalulekileyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-20, le ndlela yokwenza iingqiqo zefilosofi iye yagxeka kakhulu. Abanye abacingayo babonisa ukuba i-dichotomy yokucinga kunye nenkcaso yeengqiqo "umxholo" kunye "nento" ikhokelela ekugqibeleni ukucinga.
Ziyintoni i-dichotomy kokulungileyo nokubi?
Enye yeendidi eziziwayo apho i-dichotomy kwindlela yayo ecocekileyo ibonakala "ilungileyo" kunye "nobubi." Imibuzo ephambili ephakamileyo xa uqwalasela le bhangqa:
- Yintoni elungileyo / engendawo.
- Ukuhambelana kokuhle nokubi.
- Ngaba kukho enye ngaphandle komnye.
Ukusebenzisa isahlulo esicacileyo kunye nokubonisa okulungileyo "ngokungabi ngendawo" okanye ngokuphambene nanjalo, abacinga ngaloo ndlela bavakalisa ukuba omnye ngaphandle komnye akunakwenzeka. Oku kwaba yisizathu sokuziphatha okuchasene nokuziphatha, oko kukuthi, isikhundla ngokubhekiselele kuyo, ukuba ukufezekiswa kobubi kungenakukuphepheka, makumnike inzuzo yeqela elithile. Umgaqo onjalo wawulandelwa, uguqulelo lwegazi olwenziwe ngamanzi kunye nokuvelisa iimfazwe ezinobundlobongela.
E-Asia, ukususela kwisisombululo se-dichotomy of good and evil, iifilosofi ezimbini zahamba ngokukhawuleza. INkosana Siddartha Gautama (kamva uBuddha) kunye nesiTshayina Lao Tzu. KwiBuddhism, imbono yelizwe elikhethiweyo lokuziphatha okuhle nokubi nokungathathi hlangothi kuyo yonke into eyenzekayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda okupheleleyo kwesi simo sengqondo kubangela ukukhanya kunye nokuphuma kwivili le-samsara .
I-Lao Tzu yenze indlela yokuqonda. Wayekholelwa ukuba umnqweno owenzela ukudala izinto ezininzi ezintle ngokugqithiseleyo ekugqibeleni ukhokelela ekuphindaphindeni kobubi, ekubeni ngaphandle kokuba umchasi wakhe akayi kubonakala. I-Thinker iyanxusa ukuba ingadluli kwaye ikhokelwe kwizenzo kuphela ngenxa yezizathu. Isimo esilula ngokuchasene nokulungileyo nokubi kukubonakaliswa ngokuphawuleka kwe-Yin-yang (ebonakalayo yedichotomy yomphefumlo apho iimeko zinyathelana).
Ukuxhamla ubomi kunye nokufa
Enye ibini yababandezeli, apho uluntu luye lwaqhelana nolwazi, ubomi kunye nokufa. Nantsi yonke into iyona. Ukuba ibinzana elithi "lilungile konke okungalunganga" akusoloko liyinyaniso, ngoko kunzima ukuphikisana nesitatimende esithi "yonke into ephilileyo engafi". Ngoko ingxaki ebalulekileyo yolu dichotomy yinto yokuphepha. Ukunciphisa ukwesaba kokungathinteki kokuphazamiseka koku, ukuchithwa kobomi kunye nokufa kwifilosofi nenkolo kuyahla, kulahlekelwa ukungahambi. Umzekelo, kwifilosofi yamaKristu, ibonakala ngathi: "Kuba umzimba wonke ongekho ubomi kukufa, umphefumlo awufi."
Dichotomy and Dualism
Ukuxhatshazwa komzimba kufana ne-dichotomy, indlela yokwahlula yonke into emibini. Kodwa kule meko iziganeko zivela ukuba zidibanisane, zingabi nxamnye, kwaye azichaphazeli. Kule ntshukumo kufana neyentlalo ye-dichotomy, eneengqondo ze-psychotypes ezilinganayo kunye nezilinganayo. I-classic dichotomy iyalinganisa ubuqhetseba bokuziphatha - inkqubo ehlukanisa ngokucacileyo yonke into kwimithombo yokuhle nokubi.
Dichotomy and trichotomy
I-Trichotomy - indlela efana neyindlela yokuhlukanisa yonke into. Uhlobo oluphambili phakathi kwezi nkqubo kukuba ukuhlukana kathathu kuvumela ukudibanisa kwezi zinto phakathi kwabo. Into evelele kunazo zonke inxalenye ye-trichotomous isahlulo sikaThixo ebuKristwini, esimelelwe kwizinto ezintathu ezivela kwiZiqu zintathu.